我國資賦優異兒童體格與基本體能之研究

A Study on Physique and Physical fitness of Chinese Gifted Children

邱維城(Wei-Cheng Chiu)

《教育心理學報》 15期 (1982/06) Pp. 19-29

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19820601.2

摘要

本研究旨在探討我國資賦優異兒童體格與基本體能的發展情形，並以之與普通兒童作比較研究。研究的對象包括國小四年級、六年級與國中二年級三個年級資賦優異學生共421人（男263人；女158人），普通班學生共457人（男283人；女174人）。
研究結果主要發現如下：
1.在體格測量方面，資賦優異兒童在身高、坐高、和腿長上平均比普通兒童長得高些和長些。但是資優兒童與普通兒童體重的差異却不像身高的差異那樣肯定。
2.個體身體動力測驗（立定跳遠）的結果，資優班男女生的成績平均都優於普通班學生，但差異程度不大。
3.在測驗個體身體敏捷性、柔軟性、速度、和耐力方面（折返跑、仰臥起坐、50公尺短跑和耐力跑測驗），大多數都是資優班學生的成績優於普通班學生，但是差異程度都不大。
4.以「屈臂懸垂」測驗個體的力量，發現資優班與普通班學生的成績不相上下；但是國中二年級男生以「引體向上」測驗身體力量，結果普通班學生的成績優於資優班學生，且達到非常顯著的程度。
5.在個體的投擲能力方面，男生國小四年級，以及女生國小四年級和六年級的成績，都是資優班優於普通班，且都達到非常顯著或顯著的程度。可是男生到了國小六年級和國中二年級，以及女生國中二年級的成績，却反而普通班優於資優班。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in physique and physical fitness between Chinese gifted children and average children. The total number of subjects are 421 gifted children and 457 average children in grades 4,6, and 8 selected from four elementary schools and three junior high schools.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. The body height, sitting height, and the length of lower limbs of the gifted children are almost taller than the average children. But the weights between the gifted children and average children are not so consistent as the difference of body height.
2. The muscular power (standing long jump) of the gifted children are all a little greater than the average children.
3. Most of the gifted children have better records of agility (shuttle run), flexibility (sit-up), speed (50meter spint), and endurance (endurance run)than the average children. But there is no appreciable difference between the two groups.
4. There is only a slight difference of muscular strength (flexed-arm-hanging) between the gifted children and average children. but the musclar strength(pullups) of the average students are markedly better than the students in tne second year of junior high school.
5. The throw ability (soft-ball tor distance) of the gifted boys in fourth grade and gifted girls in fourth and sixth grades are better than the average boys and girls in the same grades. But contrarily the throw ability of the average girls in ninth grade and boys in sixth and ninth grades are better than the gifted girls and boys in the same grades.