國小學童友伴關係的相關因素之分析

Factors Related to Peer Interaction Among School Children

簡茂發(Maw-Fa Chien)

《教育心理學報》 16期 (1983/12) Pp. 71-88

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19831201.6

摘要

本研究旨在探討國民小學兒童的友伴關係及其相關變項，以了解影響友伴關係之形成與發展的決定因素。研究對象為臺北市西門國小四、五、六年級學生228名。研究工具包括社交測量調查表、社經地位調查表、瑞文氏非文字推理測驗、小學人格測驗和父母管敎態度測驗。調查與測驗係在平常課室情境中實施之。所得資料經統計分析後，獲致下列四項主要發現：(一)國小學童的社會適應優於個人適應。(二)國小學童的父母在「期待」一項分數偏低，顯示其對子女的期望與要求不盡合理。(三)學業成績是影響國小學童友伴關係的最重要因素，尤以五、六年級學生為然。(四)國小四、五、六年級兒童的學業成績、智力、人格適應及父母管敎態度等變項與友伴關係的複相關係數分別爲0.74、0.70和0.66，均達顯著水準，可解釋及預測社交分數總變異量的百分之四十四至五十五。

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to investigate peer relationships ofschool children and to find out factors influencing peer interaction amongthem. Seventy-six fourth graders, seventy-four fifth graders, and seventy-eight sixth graders from one elementary school in Taipei City were selectedas subjects. A sociometric test,the Chinese Revision of the California Testof Personality, and the Test of Parental Attitudes toward Child-rearingPractices by P.C.Lai were administered to the subjects in regular classroomsettings. The obtained data were statistically treated by the stepwisemultiple regression technique.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. Academic achievement of school children was the most important factorinfluencing peer interaction among them.
2. All measures of the factors covered in this study could account for the44% to 55% of the variation in sociometric scores of the fourth,thefifth ,and the sixth graders.