大學生幫助肢障者的行為研究

College Students' Helping Behavior Toward the Physically Handicapped

蘇清守(Ching-Shoou Su)

《教育心理學報》 20期 (1987/05) Pp. 69-86

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19870601.5

摘要

本研究兼採自然觀察和問卷調查兩種方法，探討大學生幫助肢障者的行為和心態。受試者為師範大學和臺灣大學男女學生共計二四三名。測驗場所分在校園內和市區中實施。首先觀察他們遭遇一位受困女性肢障者時的行為反應，其次詢問他們當時的心理感受。
結果發現兩校大學生五個之中有四個自動幫助肢障者，顯現出高度的助人比率和利他行為。而且兩校學生的助人表現並無差異，經分析師大學生的答卷資料，發現實際幫助和口頭幫助情形相當一致，幫助肢障者的認知和情感，認知和行為，情感和行為亦均極相符。而認知、情感、和行動一致者亦高達百分之八十二，可見三老之間確有極高的關聯，印證大學生的人格具有相當的一貫性和統整性。
此外發現大學生的助人行為，並不因本身的性別、宗教信仰、接觸殘障者的經驗、修習特教課程而有差異，亦不因場所而有不同，可是幫助熟識肢障者要比生疏肢障者更為積極。大學生亦表現出助人方式的固定性，和助人行為的可變性。針對研究結果，提出若干建議：1．肯定惻隱之心與激勵道義之感，2．自居助人楷模與倡導助人風氣，3．發揮社會贊許與社會責備功能，4．善用助人與致謝的溝通技術，5 ．遷移助人行為與培養利他性格。

並列摘要

Both naturalistic observation and questionnaire methods are used to investigate the helping behavior by college students.
A total of 243 undergraduates were observed on and outside of the campus whether they helped a female physically handicapped adult in distress. Then 86 were asked to fill out questionnaires to explain their cognition and affections toward this matter.
The result showed that there were four out of five who helped the confederate voluntarily. It also indicated the consistency between actual and verbal aiding, cognition and affections, cognition and action, and affections and action. The ratio of consistency among cognition, affections, and action is 82%, however, it revealed the stability and integration of moral character.
The factors of sex, religion, place, experience in contacting with the handicap, and studies on special education courses showed no effect on helping behavior. But the subjects are more willing to help the familiars than the strangers. The result also presented that college students are used to extending help with fixed pattern. And the attitude of most of those who did not offer aiding has become more positive toward the physical handicaps through introspection after this experiment. Finally, some suggestions about moral education are postulated.