教師工作壓力與工作心厭關係之研究

The Relationship between Teacher Stress and Teacher Burnout

郭生玉(Sheng-Yu Kuo)

《教育心理學報》 22期 (1989/05) Pp. 131-146

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19890601.6

摘要

本研究旨在探討教師工作壓力與教師工作心厭之關係。研究樣本共有207名教師，其中國小88位，國中119位。資料收集係以教師工作壓力問卷與教師工作心厭兩種量表施測之。所得資料經由積差相關法、多元逐步廻歸法及典型相關法分析後，得到重要結果為：(1)六種教師工作壓力綜合起來可以有效預測國小與國中教師的三項工作心厭。(2)就國小教師而言，「專業發展」的工作壓力，可以有效預測「情緒耗竭」與「缺乏人性」兩項工作心厭，而「學生的學習」與「專業發展」兩項工作壓力，可以有效預測「個人成就感」的工作心厭。(3)就國中教師而言，「角色方面」與「工作負荷」兩項工作壓力，可以有效預测教師工作心厭的「情緒耗竭」；「角色方面」的工作壓力，可以有效預測教師工作心厭的「缺乏人性」；「學生問題行為」與「角色方面」兩項工作壓力，可以有效預測工作心厭的「個人成就感」。(4)無論國小或國中教師，六種教師工作壓力均透過第一個典型因素而影響教師的三項工作心厭。唯國小教師在「角色方面」與「工作負荷」兩項的工作壓力，透過第二個典型因素而影響「情緒耗竭」與「個人成就感」兩項工作心厭；國中教師在「人際關係」與「工作負荷」兩種工作壓力，透過第二個典型因素而影響「缺乏人性」與「個人成就感」兩項的工作心厭。

並列摘要

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between teacher stress and teacher burnout. The subjects sampled were 88 elementary school teachers and 119 junior high school teachers. They were administered a Tachere Burnout Inventory and a Teacher Stress Questionnaire. The data was analyzed by person product-moment correlation, thestepwise multiple regression, and canonical correlation analysis.The mainfindings were as fellows:
1. Six teacher stresses could be combined as powerful predictors for teacher burnout of elementary school and junior high school teachers.
2. In the case of elementary school teachers, stress of professional development could predict effectively two burnout factors: emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The stress of student learning and professional development were the most powerful predictors for personal accomplishment.
3. In the case of junior hign school teachers, stress of role strain and work overload were found to be the most powerful predictors for emotional exhaustion, but the best predictor for depersonalization was role strain. The stress of student discipline problems and role strain could predict effectively personal accomplishment.
4. Three burnout factors, emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization, were influenced by six sources of teacher stress through one canonical factor for both teachers in elementary school and junior high school.