兒童類比推理能力的學習潛能評估研究

A Study on the Learning Potential Assessment of Children's Analogy Reasoning Ability

江淑卿(Shwu-Ching Jiang)

《教育心理學報》 33卷1期 (2001/10) Pp. 47-64

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20010521

摘要

本研究目的係探討認知轉換階段兒童在學习潛能評估中類比推理能力之改變歷程。以60位六歲和七歲兒童为研究對象，採三因子混合實驗設計，實驗組接受類比推理模組教學，控制組未接受教學，两組的前後測都實施「歸納推理能力測驗」的類比推理分測驗和臨床晤談，前後測之得分以三因子混合設計變異數分析驗證效果，並将晤談資料依解題類型分析，以探討認知功能的改變。此外，以實驗組六歲和七歲受試各一位为案例，透過原案分析，闡釋類比推理的轉變歷程。研究發现：1.學习潛能評估均能促進六歲和七歲兒童的類比推理能力。此外，學习潛能評估能改變兒童的解題類型，激發其認知功能，其中以七歲兒童的映射(mapping)能力進步甚多。2.在學习潛能評估的歷程中，两位案例漸能正確推論與映射，不受反證影響，且能説明原因，但六歲案例的認知功能較七歲案例不稳定，易受任務的型式和難度之影響，需較多的引導才能正確答題。

關鍵字

認知轉換階段 ； 認知功能 ； 學習潛能評估 ； 類比推理

並列摘要

This study focuses on how Chinese graduate students'wives adapt to Americansociety and how they evaluate these experiences while their husbands are about to attainthe doctoral degree.The wives of five new Ph.Ds or candidates were interviewed.Theresults are presented in two parts.The first reveals general modes of adjustment.Thereare two diverse patterns of adjustment shown in the initial period.Afterward,all theinformants share the three later stages.The second part stresses the effects of specificfactors and life incidents on the adaptation process.Herein they experience somealienation and a great many other difficulties.Yet the endeavor pays off in the variousforms of improvement.When their husbands were about to obtain their degree,they alsoare aware of the need to have continuous growth.This study underlines the interactionbetween individual mental state and environment adaptation,notably the positive effect ofgoing back to school on the wives'sense of self-worth and the smoother functioning oftheir marriages.Attention is also paid to some of the negative effects of the dependentrole on the wife's career.The study also suggests the necessity of English classes andadaptation counseling for them.

並列關鍵字

Analogy Reasoning ； Cognitive Function ； Cognitive Transitional Stage ； Learning Potential Assessment

參考文獻

Alexander, P. A.,Wilson, V. L.,White, C. S.,Fuqua, J. D.,Clark, G. D.,Wilson, A. F.,Kulikowich, J. M.(1989).Development of analogical reasoning in 4 and 5 year old children.Cognitive Development.4,65-88.

Allen, J. P.,Hauser, S. T.,Borman-Spurrell, E.(1996).Attachment theory as a framework for understanding outcomes of sever adolescent psychopathology: An eleven-year follow-up study.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.64

Blagg, N.(1991).Can we teach intelligence? A comprehensive evaluation of Fereustein's Instrumental Enrichment Program.Hillsdal, NJ:Erlbaum.

Blagg, N.,Ballinger, M. P.,Gardner, R. J.(1990).The Somerset Thinking Skills Course: Understanding analogies.Oxford, England:Blackwell.

Blain, M. D.,Thompson, J. M.,Whiffen, V. E.(1993).Attachment and perceived social support in late adolescence: The interaction between working model of self and others.Journal of Adolescent Research.8