臺灣諮商人員對西方諮商與華人文化信念衝突的轉化經驗

Cultural Shock in Counseling: The Experiences of Taiwanese Counselors

洪莉竹(Li-Chu Hung) ； 陳秉華(Ping-Hwa Chen)

《教育心理學報》 37卷1期 (2005/09) Pp. 79-98

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20050818.2

摘要

本研究旨在探討成長在華人文化脈絡下的臺灣諮商工作者，在學習與應用西方諮商專業過程中經驗到的文化信念衝突及他們對這些信念衝突的反思與轉化，以及背後的文化意涵。本研究以十二位臺灣心理諮商工作者為受訪者，以半結構式的深度訪談收集資料，以紮根理論為訪談資料的分析方法。本研究發現：（一）臺灣諮商工作者經驗到的文化信念衝突包括：人性觀方面－個人能否完全自主做決定；自我觀方面－無法自我接納引發焦慮；人我觀方面－人我之間要維持怎樣的界限與互動才恰當；諮商觀方面－諮商師所學的理論與案主的經驗／期待產生差距；文化觀方面－跨文化的接觸衝擊個體原先視為理所當然的價值觀；（二）諮商者對此五個方面的衝突信念之反思與轉化為：人性觀方面－重視個體的需求，在兼顧環境現實的前提下發展個人自主；自我觀方面－除了自我接納，也要培養出超越世俗經驗的視界；人我觀方面－理解不同文化下人際運作模式之差異，尊重華人社會角色關係的特性；諮商觀方面－正視與積極因應諮商工作型式與臺灣案主經驗的落差；文化觀方面－理解個體在文化脈絡下的意義，尊重不同文化信念的價值。這個衝突信念轉化結果反映的文化意涵為：臺灣的諮商人員需要在尊重原有華人文化觀點的基礎下，面對與化解諮商專業與華人文化間的衝突，使諮商能更有效在臺灣社會被應用。

關鍵字

諮商 ； 華人文化 ； 信念衝突 ； 信念轉化

並列摘要

The purpose of the study is to explore the counselors' experiences, including the cultural beliefs shock, the beliefs regulation, in the counseling context in Taiwan. We are interested in three issues:(1) The experiences of the counselors' cultural shock when they are learning and practicing Western theories of counseling which are different from the basic beliefs of Chinese culture. (2) The reflections of the cultural shock and beliefs regulation. (3) The cultural meaning of those beliefs shock and beliefs regulation in counseling context. Individual in-dept interview method was employed to collect data, and twelve Taiwanese counselors were interviewed. Interviewed data were transcribed and further analyzed using a ground theory method. The main findings are: First, the cultural shocks of the counselors are including the issues about humanity, self, interpersonal relationships, counseling, and culture. Second, the cultural reflections and modifications of the counselors are: (a) regarding social context as important as developing self-determination, (b) considering the characteristics of relationship dominance in Chinese culture, (c) increasing self-acceptance and expanding the viewpoint of life, (d) recognizing the difference between the form of counseling and the experiences of Taiwanese clients, and undertaking to modifying, (e) showing concern the cultural influences on persons, and respecting each culture. The conclusion in our research is: To increase the use of counseling, Taiwanese counselors have to recognizing and understanding the conflict between counseling beliefs based Western culture and the basic beliefs in Chinese culture on the bases of respecting the unique of each culture.

並列關鍵字

counseling ； Chinese culture ； cultural beliefs shock ； beliefs regulation

參考文獻

楊國樞、陸洛(2004)。華人的自我歷程、自我概念及自我評價研討會論文集。宜蘭:佛光人文社會學院心理學研究所。

楊國樞(2004)。發表於中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心主辦：第七屆華人心理與行為科際學術研討會。台北:

陸洛(2003)。人我關係之界定：折衷自我的現身。本土心理學研究。20，139-207。

賈紅鶯、陳秉華、楊連謙(2003)。一個結構-策略家族治療改變文化意涵。中華心理衛生學刊。16(1)，71-124。

洪莉竹、陳秉華(2003)。諮商師專業發展歷程之文化反省經驗。教育心理學報。35(1)，1-18。