探究想像力的意涵與特徵—探索性與驗證性因素分析之發現

Meaning and Characteristics of Imagination: Findings from Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

許育齡(Yu-Ling Hsu) ； 梁朝雲(Chao-Yun Liang)

《教育心理學報》 44卷2期 (2012/12) Pp. 349-372

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.20120321

摘要

本研究目的在釐清想像力的意涵與能力特徵，並進一步建構與驗證再造性與創造性想像的理論模型。本研究首先分析整理1960-2011年間與想像力研究相關的文獻，釐清想像力的內涵與可能面向，接著，針對兩個教育領域樣本，共計782名受測者調查所得。進行探索性與驗證性因素分析，研究結果印證了「想像力雙因素運作模型」為適切的理論模型。亦即想像力可區分為「創造性想像力」 （creative imagination）與「再造性想像力」（reproductive imagination）：創造性想像力之能力特徵包括：探索力、直覺力、感受力、新穎力、專注力、生產力；再造性想像力則包括：具象力、辯證力、轉用力、有效力；兩者於學習者而言有所差異，然仍具備一定程度之相關。本研究最後針對研究結果，導出想像力進一步研究的理論論題與建議。預期透過能力特徵的引導，進一步帶動領域研究之創新，亦帶動實證研究之進行，創新學理運用與實務延展的新風貌。

關鍵字

探索性因素分析 ； 想像（力） ； 驗證性因素分析

並列摘要

This study aimed to clarify the meaning and characteristics of imagination, and further construct and confirm the theoretical model of productive and creative imagination. In order to clarify the meaning of imagination and identify its potential characteristics, we first reviewed the literature on imagination between 1960 and 2011 , Next, we surveyed two samples consisting of 782 participators, and performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis on the data. As a result two dimensions and 10 characteristics of imagination were emtracted from the data. The first dimension was named creative imagination, including the characteristics of exploration, intuition, sensibility, novelty, concentration, and productivity. The second dimension was named reproductive imagination including the characteristics of crystallization, dialectics, effectiveness, and transformation. The two dimensions show discriminative validity as well as a certain level of correlation. Finally, suggestions for the future research were proposed.

並列關鍵字

confirmatory factor analysis ； exploratory factor analysis ； imagination

參考文獻

Betts, G. H. (1916). Imagination: The mind and its education (Chapter IX). Toronto, Canada: Copp Clark Co.

Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education. New York, NY: Dover Publications

Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. New York, NY: Balch & Company

(Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2002). LISREL 8.80 [Computer software]. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International).

Ribot, T. (1906). Essay on the creative imagination. Chicago, IL: Open Court