兒童食物偏好評估：父母評估與兒童自評相似性研究

Similarities between Parents' Evaluations of Children's Food Preferences and the Children's Self-reports

林佳蓉(Jia-Rong Lin) ； 陳瑤惠(Yau-Huey Chen) ； 楊奕馨(Yi-Hsin Yang)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 28卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 104-113

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.200306_28(2).0007

摘要

本研究旨在探討，父母親對兒童食物偏好評估，與兒童自評食物偏好之相似性。研究樣本為203組4到7歲，就讀於幼兒園及國小一年級兒童及其父母親。每組兒童及其父母親，分別就四大類共四十種常吃食物，兒童依其對食物喜歡度，父母依其評估兒童食物喜歡度，進行一對一食物偏好訪談。研究結果如下：(1)四十種食物中，約有四分之一種食物，無論是父親或母親，評估兒童食物喜歡度，與兒童自評喜歡度間呈顯著差異，顯示父母親兒童食物喜歡度並不完全了解 (2)比較起來，父親比母親更能正確評估兒童對食物的喜歡度。四十種食物中，有九種食物，父親評估兒童食物喜歡度，與兒童自評間呈顯著差異，而有二十種食物，母親評估兒童食物喜歡度，與兒童自評間呈顯著差異。(3)父或母親評估兒童食物喜歡度，與兒童自評喜歡度間的相似情形，因食物類別不同而不同。其中以水果類食物，父或母親對兒童喜歡度評估，與兒童自評喜歡度相似的食物種類最多;喜歡度評估相似種類最少的則是蛋白質類食物。研究結果將就評估兒童食物偏好方法學及營養教育二方面做討論與建議。

關鍵字

食物偏好 ； 評估 ； 喜歡度 ； 兒童 ； 相似性

並列摘要

The similarity between parents’ reports of the food preferences of their children and the children’s self-reports of food preferences was investigated in this study. Samples consisted of 203 preschool and first-grade children aged 4-7 years old and their parents. Four major food groups consisting of 40 different foods with which children were familiar were measured in this study. Food preference interviews were conducted one to one. Parents were asked to evaluate the order of the food preferences of their children, and the children were asked to tell the order of their food preferences for himself/herself. Results of the study were as follows. (1) Among 40 kinds of foods, about one-quarter significantly differed between parents’ evaluation of their children and the children’s self-reports. This result indicates that parents did not know their children’s food preferences very well. (2) More fathers could correctly evaluate the children’s degree of food preferences than could mothers. Among 40 kinds of foods, there were 9 kinds of foods for which fathers’ evaluation on children’s food preferences significantly differed from the children’s self-reports. On the other hand, there were 12 kinds of foods for which mothers’ evaluation of children’s food preferences significantly differed from the children’s self-reports. (3) The degree of similarity between parents’ evaluations and children’s self-reports varied for different groups of food. For the fruit group, the greatest similarity existed between parents’ evaluations for their children and the children’s self-reports was the least. Discussions and suggestions of the study are proposed in terms of methodology for measuring children’s food preferences as well as nutrition education.

並列關鍵字

food preference ； evaluation ； degree of like ； children ； similarity