運動員休閒參與、休閒利益與自覺訓練效果之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Athletes' Leisure Participation, Leisure Benefits and Perceived Training Effects

高俊雄(Joe Chin-Hsung Kao)

《戶外遊憩研究》 12卷3期 (1999/09) Pp. 43-61

https://doi.org/10.6130/JORS.1999.12(3)3

摘要

本研究以比較的觀點針對三項研究中職業棒球、大專甲組，以及大專乙組運動員，運用自由時間參與活動的項目、頻率，運動員在參與休閒活動過程中身心感受的改善程度（即休閒利益），以及休閒利益對自覺訓練效果的影響加以比較。根據參與研究的59名職棒運動員、343名大專甲組運動員，以及95名大專乙組運動員，調查發現，大專乙組、甲組、職業棒球運動員運用自由時間參與活動的項目類似，以不須消耗大量體力之活動為核心，例如看報紙、聽音樂、看電視、休息小睡、聊天、社交活動等，而三類運動員也有其特別的休閒參與項目，例如進修、逛街、加強體能、專長、處理家務、娛樂、個人嗜好、應酬等。運動水準等級較高的運動員從參與休閒活動過程中感受的利益較高，這些利益包括：均衡生活體驗、健全生活內涵，以及提升生命品質。至於運動員感受的休閒利益與訓練效果之間的關係，均衡生活體驗對於三類運動員的訓練效果均有正向效果；而健全生活內涵對大專甲組與乙組運動員訓練效果有正向效果，但對職棒運動員卻呈現負向效果；提升生命品質對大專乙組和職棒球員的訓練效果有正向效果，但對大專甲組運動員卻有負向效果。本文對其可能原因加以討論，並就休閒利益對訓練效果可能產生的不利影響，提出改善因應之道。

關鍵字

運動員 ； 休閒參與 ； 休閒利益 ； 訓練效果

並列摘要

Based upon comparative viewpoints, this study was an attempt to explore what and how athletes utilize their free time, how athletes perceive benefits from leisure participation, as well as the relationships between leisure benefits and training effects in three independent studies. 59 professional baseball players, 343 major college athletes, and 95 minor college athletes were selected as research subjects in these three studies. The results showed that athletes have enough free time, during which they are able to choose and participate activities they like. Watching TV, reading newspapers, listening to music and taking a rest are the most common activities. Professional baseball players and major college athletes perceive higher benefits than minor college athletes from leisure participation. Stress-relief as a result of leisure pursuits positively contributes to training effects for all of three athletes groups. However, wellness of life and quality of life affect athletes' training effects in different ways. Major and minor college athletes positively perceived the wellness of life as a result of leisure participation, while professional baseball players perceived in a negative way. Quality of life positively contributes to professional baseball players and minor college athletes, yet negatively to major college athletes. Possible reasons were proposed for explanation. Some strategies related to enhance athletes training effects through leisure benefits were proposed.

並列關鍵字

Athletes ； leisure participation ； leisure benefits ； training effect