耆年冠帶－關於明代“壽官”的考察

An Honorary Hat Given to the Elders: A Look at Ming Dynasty's System of "Honorable Aged Gentlemen"

邱仲麟(Chung-Lin Ch'iu)

《臺大歷史學報》 26期 (2000/12) Pp. 207-262

https://doi.org/10.6253/ntuhistory.2000.26.07

摘要

本文主要在探究明代養老制度中賜予老人冠帶（即所謂的「壽官」）的問題。全文分為三個部份，首先介紹整個制度的發展，其次談及「壽官」的遴選過程及其弊端，最後討論「壽官」制度與社會勢力的互動情況，於結論的地方並稍為提及清代「壽官」制度的情況。明英宗天順二年(1458)以後出現的這種「壽官」，是逢恩詔頒下時才賜予的一個頭銜，在整個明朝僅僅頒給十九次，因此對當時人來說格外珍貴。「壽官」是經由地方推舉的方式產生的，其頒給乃由地方，不由中央，因此當中存在著地方官與當地人士（如士大夫、商人及宗族組織等）之間的權力運作關係。

關鍵字

明代 ； 養老制度 ； 壽官 ； 地域社會 ； 社會史

並列摘要

This article is an investigation into the Ming Dynasty's senior citizen honorary system, by which a respected old man was given a hat by the emperor. This article is composed of three parts: firstly the evolution of this system, secondly the election of the ”honorable aged gentlemen” and its abuses, and thirdly the interplay between the local governments and local elites. The counterpart system of the Qing Dynasty will be mentioned briefly in the Conclusions.
The system of ”Honorable Aged Gentlemen” was invented in 1458, which was a title given by the emperor out of his own charity. Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the honorary title was given only 19 times. Since the honored ones were selected by local governments. We can view it as kind of interplay between the local officials and local elites.

並列關鍵字

Ming Dynasty ； aged honorary system ； Honorable Aged Gentlemen ； local society ； social history

參考文獻

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(1968)。光緒武進陽湖縣志。

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明憲宗實錄。