當代西方「中國研究」之新制度典範分析

An Analysis on the Neo-Institutionalist Paradigm of Contemporary Western China Studies

王信賢(Hsin-Hsien Wang)

《中國大陸研究》 43卷8期 (2000/08) Pp. 23-46

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200008_43(8).0002

摘要

半個世紀以來，西方研究中國的模式從「極權主義」、「多元主義」到方興未艾的「新制度主義」分析等歷經了幾次典範轉移。「新制度分析」除了對特殊制度安排的重視外，還主張研究焦點應從黨國精英轉移到社會經濟網路、市場、地方政府與新興利益團體等。在學科分際上，由於二十年來中國制度變遷的根源是經濟改革，但因為社會主義實踐所留下的制度遺產，使得黨國勢力的「慣性」仍很，再力上傳統文化的制約，使得經濟運作中存在著許多非經濟因素，故政治經濟學與經濟社會學自然成為學者觀察中國制度變遷的工具。八０年代以來，西方中國研究議題集中在改革路徑的選擇、鄉村工業成長的動力、經濟改革與社會後果、國家─社會關係以及中國政治發展前景等，不僅成果豐碩，具與社會科學理論形成一種辯證性的對話，對國內中國研究而言，亦具有積極的示範作用。

關鍵字

典範轉移 ； 極權主義 ； 多元主義 ； 新制度主義 ； 制度轉型 ； 國家─社會關係 ； 中國中心主義

並列摘要

For half a century, the research models used in western China studies have demonstrated distinct trends: from totalitarianism to pluralism and the emergence of neo-institutionalism. Thomas Kuhn’s so-called “paradigm shift.” Rather than an exclusive focus on party and state elites, the neo-institutional perspective opens up society and economy and their relationship to the state as arenas of research. Thus social networks, markets, local-level administration, and the interest groups become objects of study. The source of China’s institutional change is economic reform, but the legacy of state socialist experiences and the constraints of traditional cultures force researchers to pay attention to non-economic factors. The emergence of the new approach, resulting from a similar trend within the discipline of political science, borrows largely from the adjoining disciplines of sociology and economics. Under the new paradigm, there are five new research issues in the field of China studies: why China has choosen gradualism, why rural China has developed rapidly and issues regarding Chinas market transition and social effects. state-society relations, and of political development. Such research not only contributes to the building of social science theories but also sets an example for Taiwan’s China studies.

並列關鍵字

paradigm shift ； totalitarianism ； pluralism ； neo-institutionalism ； institutional transition ； state-society relations

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