高等教育大眾化－廿一世紀中國大陸高等教育發展之目標

自一九九○年代中期，中國大陸的學者就呼籲高等教育大眾化的發展。一九九九年，大陸高等院校連續兩年擴大招生，並在政府的強勢主導下進行院校合併、發展民辦大學、進行後勤制度社會化，並提升大學學費。本論文研究指出，過去兩年的擴張政策雖然大幅度地提升了大陸高等教育毛入學率，但是也對學校教學環境和品質產生負面影響。另方面，為了合理化民辦學的發展和學費的上漲，對於以上改革，中共越過高等教育大眾化，而以經濟發展的需求和定位不明的教育產業化之論為訴求，卻因此在學術界引發激烈的辯論和對立。近日大陸高等教育擴張政策似有重新回到高等教育大眾化理論的跡象。

關鍵字

高等教育擴張；高等教育大眾化；教育產業化；市場化；民辦大學

並列摘要

Since the mid 1990s, mainland Chinese scholars have advocated the development of mass higher education. This calling eventually resulted in the PRC's policy of fast expansion of its higher education after 1999. The expansion policy has been accompanied by a series of breakthrough measures, such as encouraging the mergers of universities, the development of private of minban universities, and the marketization of university boarding. The study has found that the expansion policy has resulted in a rapid growth of the enrollment rates of the higher education. These changes have also negatively impacted the enhancement of overall quality, however. In the meantime, in order to justify the rise in tuition fees and the development of minban universities, the government has focused on fulfilling the needs of economic development and marketization, rather than those of mass higher education. Such strategies have, however, aroused serious debates in academic circles over the roleof higher education.

並列關鍵字

expansion of higher education ； mass higher education, marketization ； private university

參考文獻

王瑞琦 Wang, Jue-Chi(1999)。論九０年代大陸「考研熱」與研究生教育之走向 On the Development of Graduate School Education in the 1990s in the Chinese Mainland: Regarding Fierce Enrollment Competition。中國大陸研究 Mainland China Studies。42(5)

(1999)。國務院批轉教育部面向21世紀教育振興行動計畫的通知。教育部政報。3