毛澤東時期“二線分工”的運作及其對決策過程的意涵

本文以決策研究法為分析途徑，討論毛澤東時期「二線分工」的運作。在定義上，「一線」領導直接參與決策，「二線」領導則間接參與決策。在運作的機構上，本文對一、二線的劃分以中央政治局常委會以及書記處為主。此外，本文亦根據正式法規以及領袖個人的聲望和地位，將中共領導人對於決策之影響區分為四類，並自黨、政務分工，以及領袖魅力與制度間的權力關係，勾畫出毛澤東時期「二線分工」之運作及意涵。最後，本文以中共政治決策的「二線分工」模式，探討其對於中共高層政治的影響。

關鍵字

二線分工；中央政治局常委會；中央書記處；民主集中制；列寧式黨國體制；政策制定

並列摘要

Relying on the decision-making approach, this article analyzes the ”two-fronts arrangement” during the era of Mao Zedong. ”First-front” leaders are those who directly participated in the policy-making process while leaders on the ”second-front” are those who were indirectly involved in the process. The article argues that the best way to identify the affiliation of cadres is to have a detailed breakdown of personnel in the highest decision-making bodies: the Politburo standing committee and the Central Secretariat. The article focuses on the Chinese leadership during the Mao's era and it is divided into four categories according to official document, reputation, and status of leaders. The article further delineates the operation of the ”two-fronts arrangement” according to the division of labor between the party and the state, charisma of the leaders, and formal institutions. To conclude, the article attempts to assess the impact of the ”two-fronts” model on Chinese politics.

並列關鍵字

central secretariat ； democratic centralism ； Leninist party-state system ； policy-making ； politburo standing committee ； two-fronts arrangement

參考文獻

Bachman, David(1993).Response to Teiwes.Pacific Affairs.66(2),254-259.

Google Scholar

Bachman, David, Bureaucracy.(Economy, and Leadership in China: The Institutional Origins of the Great Leap Forward).

Google Scholar

Bachman, David, Bureaucracy(1991).Economy, and Leadership in China: The Institutional Origins of the Great Leap Forward.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.