注意力缺陷過動症學童注意力問題的亞型探究

A Subtype Study of Attention Problem Toward Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

林鋐宇(Hung-Yu Lin)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 27卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 49-63

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.2009.27(2).04

摘要

本研究針對注意力缺陷過動症(ADHD)學生的注意力問題進行探究，目的在統整ADHD學生於不同注意力向度的表現，並區分注意力缺陷之亞型，以提供臨床工作者更明確之方向區辨與介入ADHD學生的注意力問題。研究者採用「注意力臨床模式」所提出的五種注意力向度編製多向度之注意力測驗，探究250位ADHD學生的注意力表現，並以集群分析法區分注意力缺陷之亞型。
統計結果顯示ADHD學生的注意力問題以區分成三個集群為最佳之集群方式，研究者進一步將此三集群分別命名為「重度注意力缺陷亞型」、「中度注意力缺陷亞型」與「輕度注意力缺陷亞型」等三種亞型；其中，「重度注意力缺陷亞型」學生的整體注意力缺陷程度最嚴重，且分別在集中性、選擇性、交替性與分配性等注意力向度與其他亞型學生達顯著差異。「中度注意力缺陷亞型」學生的整體注意力缺陷程度居中，但此亞型學生的持續性與選性注意力表現則分別偏向重度與輕度缺陷。「輕度注意力缺陷亞型」學生的整體注意力缺陷程度則最輕微。臨床工作者可透過ADHD患者於持續性與選擇性注意力的表現，區辨患者所歸屬之亞型。

關鍵字

注意力缺陷過動症 ； 集中性注意力 ； 持續性注意力 ； 選擇性注意力 ； 交替性注意力 ； 分配性注意力

並列摘要

This study is aimed to investigate the attention problem toward the students with ADHD. The purpose of this study is to generalize the performance of different attention dimensions, and separate the performance out clear subtype of attention deficit. The result of this study offers a clearer direction to differentiate and to treat the attention problem of students with ADHD for clinical workers. The researcher adopted the five attention dimensions, which was mentioned by ”Clinical Model of Attention”, to develop a multi-dimension attention test, and adopted this test to investigate the attention problem of 250 students with ADHD. The researcher adopted cluster analysis to build subtypes.
The statistic result showed that the attention problem of students with ADHD could be sorted out three clusters, the researcher named these clusters as ”severe attention deficit subtype”, ”moderate attention deficit subtype”, and ”mild attention deficit subtype”. The students who belong to ”severe attention deficit subtype” showed severest attention deficit, and showed significant differences between this subtype and other two subtypes in four attention dimensions, including focused attention, selective attention, alternating attention and divided attention. The students with ”moderate attention deficit subtype” showed moderate attention deficit, but their sustained attention deficit is tending to be severer and their selective attention deficit is tending to be milder. The students with ”mild attention deficit subtype” showed mildest attention deficit. According to the patients' performance of sustained and selective attention, clinical workers could confirm these patients' attention deficit subtype.

並列關鍵字

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ； focused attention ； sustained attention ； selective attention ； alternating attention ； divided attention