自閉症兒童與青少年的休閒活動參與之差異

Differences in Leisure Participation Between Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder

徐慧箴(Hui-Jen Shyu) ； 曾美惠(Mei-Hui Tseng)

《職能治療學會雜誌》 39卷2期 (2021/12) Pp. 169-188

https://doi.org/10.6594/JTOTA.202112_39(2).0003

摘要

休閒為個人可自由地從事自己選擇的活動和興趣的愉快時光。參與休閒活動有助於心理社會與社交互動技巧發展，進而提升人際關係與社交技巧。休閒活動參與隨發展階段而改變，且受環境、文化等因素影響。自閉症類群障礙症個案（autism spectrum disorder, ASD）之休閒活動參與可能因其核心症狀而受限。本研究以兒童生活參與評估量表（Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, CAPE）探討ASD兒童與青少年在整體休閒活動及各類別休閒活動之參與和面向差異。本研究對象為7-18歲69名國小及32名國高中ASD個案，以CAPE評量休閒活動參與。以t檢定分析兩組在整體及各類別休閒活動參與和參與面向之差異。研究發現ASD兒童與青少年在休閒活動參與具有差異，就整體活動而言，ASD兒童在參與多樣性、參與強度與參與陪同者皆高於ASD青少年。此外，就各類別休閒活動而言，ASD兒童在大多數類別活動中之參與多樣性、參與強度、參與陪同者與參與喜愛程度皆高於ASD青少年。研究結果可供治療師針對不同年齡層個案在休閒活動參與類別及面向進行調整，給予合適的介入與諮詢以促進其休閒活動參與和生活品質。

關鍵字

自閉症類群障礙症 ； 休閒活動 ； 參與

並列摘要

Leisure refers to the pleasant times when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choice. Participation in leisure activities is beneficial for an individual's psychosocial development, interpersonal relationship, and quality of life. The pattern of participation in leisure activities may be different at various developmental stages because living environment, occupational or sociocultural contexts vary with age. Leisure participation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be restricted by their core symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in leisure participation patterns between children and adolescents with ASD. Participants included 69 elementary and 32 junior and senior high school students with ASD. Independent t tests were used to examine group differences in leisure participation. The results showed that for overall leisure participation, elementary school students scored higher in diversity, intensity, and companions than junior and senior high school students. As for leisure participation in each category of activities, elementary school students' participation was more diverse with higher frequency, greater extent of companions, and greater enjoyment than junior and senior high school students in most categories of activities. Results of the study may help clinicians plan intervention targeted at the clients' needs to improve their quality of life.

並列關鍵字

Autism Spectrum Disorder ； Leisure activity ； Participation