Perceptual Fading as Revealed by Perceptual Filling-in and Motion-Induced Blindness

從知覺填補與運動引發視盲來看視覺消失現象

許儷絹(Li-Chuan Hsu)

《中華心理學刊》 53卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 57-64

https://doi.org/10.6129/CJP.2011.5304.06

摘要

知覺填補（PFI）與運動引發視盲（MIB）是兩種具有類似特性的知覺消失現象：注視包含目標物與背景的畫面一段時間，目標物會消失、再現，如此重複好幾次。雖然PFI與MIB從現象的表面看來有許多不同之處，然而當我們操弄網膜離心度、刺激的亮度對比、知覺組織關係、及PFI與MIB目標物與背景的深度關係後，研究的結果顯示兩種現象可能具有相同的運作機制。我們認為這個機制與目標物的邊界適應有關，然而邊界適應乃為充分但卻非必要條件。由於藉由雙眼像差操弄目標物沈入背景中，可以促進目標物的消失，我們接續測試單眼深度線索，例如目標物與背景間的重疊線索及水彩錯覺線索是否也會影響目標物的消失，甚至影響靜態畫面的目標物的消失。結果顯示，當目標物被知覺在背景後面時，容易報告消失現象發生。由於幾乎所有的刺激都包含單眼線索，我們因此認為：無論動態或靜態的刺激，知覺到的深度皆會影響目標物的消失。

關鍵字

知覺填補 ； 深度順序 ； 運動引發視盲 ； 邊界適應

並列摘要

Perceptual-Filling-in (PFI) and Motion-Induced-Blindness (MIB) are two phenomena of perceptual rivalry in which a perceptually salient target, among a field of non-targets, disappear and reappear alternatively after prolonged viewing. Despite the apparent phenomenological differences between PFI and MIB, when we vary retinal eccentricity, stimulus contrast, perceptual grouping, and depth ordering, the results strongly suggest that both PFI and MIB are caused by a common mechanism. We argue that this mechanism involves boundary adaptation as a sufficient, but not a necessary condition. Given that PFI and MIB are more easily observed if the target is presented with uncrossed rather than crossed disparity, we tested further whether monocular depth cues such as interposition and watercolor illusion also affect the two phenomena, and whether the depth cues affect perceptual fading in static displays as well. Results suggest that perceived depth affects perceptual fading in almost any stimulus, whether dynamic or static.

並列關鍵字

boundary adaptation ； depth ordering ； motion-induced blindness ； perceptual filling-in

參考文獻

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