台灣地區華人情緒與相關心理生理資料庫─中文情緒隱喻的刺激常模

Taiwan Corpora of Chinese Emotions and Relevant Psychophysiological Data-A Norm of Emotion Metaphors in Chinese

陳學志(Hsueh-Chih Chen) ； 詹雨臻(Yu-Chen Chan) ； 馮彥茹(Yen-Ju Feng)

《中華心理學刊》 55卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 525-553

https://doi.org/10.6129/CJP.20130112b

摘要

情緒隱喻乃指以一個已知的具體對象或客體來描述一個複雜和抽象的情緒。有別於以往情緒研究，採用直接或外顯的刺激，例如：圖片、臉孔、聲音等來引發情緒，情緒隱喻是採用一種間接、內隱的刺激方式來引發情緒。因此，探討情緒隱喻能使我們更加暸解情緒的深度意涵，然而國外及國內對於情緒隱喻的研究並不多見，故本研究針對國人建立一套台灣地區華人情緒隱喻的標準刺激資料庫及反應常模。本研究採用情緒隱喻作業，由1,128位參與者依據十種情緒類別（正向：快樂、愛、自豪、舒服；中性：平靜、驚訝；負向：悲傷、害怕、生氣、厭惡），進行四種隱喻類型（感覺隱喻、事件隱喻、物件隱喻及人格隱喻）產生反應，並計算各情緒隱喻反應的頻次，而反應頻次愈高的隱喻愈能引發該類型的情緒。以正向之快樂情緒隱喻為例，在快樂感覺隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「香」；在快樂事件隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「旅行」；在快樂物件隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「朋友」；在快樂人格隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「開朗」。除此之外，在負向情緒隱喻中也發現了一些不一樣的結果，以害怕情緒隱喻為例，在害怕感覺情緒隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「黑色」；在害怕事件隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「考試」；在害怕物件情緒隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「鬼」；在害怕人格情緒隱喻當中，反應次數最高者為「膽小」。此外，本研究針對參與者的反應次數及反應類別進行頻次及類別之計算分析各類情緒隱喻之反應的「共通性」與「個別性」，其中以感覺隱喻的共通性最高，而事件隱喻的個別性最高。本研究結果建立了國人對於十種情緒類別及四種隱喻類型之反應常模，藉以建置一套標準化刺激之情緒隱喻資料庫，並作為未來相關情緒研究之用。

關鍵字

情緒隱喻資料庫 ； 情緒類別 ； 感覺隱喻 ； 隱喻類型

並列摘要

Emotion metaphor provides us a means of expressing abstract and complicated emotions through reference to objective figures. In contrast to pictures, facial expressions or speech prosodies often used to communicate emotion explicitly, emotion metaphors are less studied, particularly in Taiwan. This study aimed to construct an emotion metaphoric corpus and develop a frequency norm of emotion metaphors used in Taiwan. This research was based on a stratified sample of 1,128 college students in Taiwan. An emotion metaphor task was used to collect participants' responses that involved metaphors. The task divided emotion metaphors into four types (sensation metaphors, event metaphors, object metaphors and personality metaphors). Within each type, participants were asked to generate various kinds of metaphoric responses according to ten emotional categories with different valences (positive: happiness, love, pride, comfort; neutral: calm, surprise; negative: sadness, fear, anger, disgust). Participants' responses were recorded, and both commonality and idiosyncrasy were calculated for the different types of metaphoric stimuli (sensation, event, object, personality). A qualitative analysis of the resulting data revealed that participants gave various metaphoric responses to different kinds of emotion in different types of metaphor. For example, for sensation metaphors for happiness, the prime response was incense; for event metaphors for happiness, the prime response was having a journey; for object metaphors for happiness, the prime response was friend; and for the personality metaphor for happiness, the highest response was open-mindedness. Interestingly, participants generated quite distinct responses in the negative metaphor set. For instance, for the sensation metaphor for fear, the prime response was ”black” (color); for the event metaphor for fear, the prime response was exam; for the object metaphor for fear, the prime response was ghost; and for the personality metaphor for fear, the prime response was timidity. Additionally, commonality and idiosyncrasy were also compared across the four categories of metaphoric stimuli. In sum, this study established a norm of Taiwanese metaphoric responses, which can be employed for further research on emotions.

並列關鍵字

corpora of emotion metaphor ； emotion category ； sensation metaphor ； metaphor category

參考文獻

Altarriba, J.,Bauer, L. M.(2004).The distinctiveness of emotion concepts: A comparison between emotion, abstract, and concrete words.American Journal of Psychology.117,389-410.

Barrett, L. F.,Russell, J. A.(1998).Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.74,967-984.

Beck, A. T.,Clark, D. A.(1988).Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective.Anxiety Research.1,23-36.

Bellezza, F. S.,Greenwald, A. G.,Banaji, M. R.(1986).Words high and low in pleasantness as rated by male and female college students.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers.18,299-303.

Bower, G. H.(1981).Mood and memory.American Psychologist.36,129-148.