禮制國家的組構－以《二載記》的論述形式剖析漢代儒化世界的形成

The Construction of a State Based on Etiquettes: An Analysis of the Formation of a Confucianist Administering World in Han Dynasty as Represented by the Discourses of "Erdaiji"

陳志信(Chih-Hsin Chen)

《臺大文史哲學報》 60期 (2004/05) Pp. 1-44

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2004.60.01

摘要

有漢一代的朝綱國政乃奠基於儒學經術的縝密詮釋上，此現象為經學史研究領域裡的重要專題。為剖析此政權與經學交纏糾葛的現象的發展脈絡，吾人將嘗試以漢代禮學研討的代表作大、小戴《禮記》為基本材料，並適度引介傅柯（Michel Foucault,1926-1984）以論述（discourse）為核心的史學方法，還有薩依德（Edward W. Said,1935-2003）所擅長操作的文化形式（cultural form）文學批評進路，依次論說《二戴記》的語文形式體現了怎樣的知識活動，以及如是的學術活動將如何形塑漢人對家國天下的想像等學術命題。藉由是類著重考察語文符號在歷史發展上的巨大張力的史學進路，我們發現隨著《二戴記》中綜觀全景與瑣碎談論這兩類論述模式（the mode of discourse）的開展，漢人對禮制國家大體輪廓與細部內容的想像，便逐步被勾勒出與填實滿了，且此禮學論述將成為儒生與官僚進一步建構其治國藍圖的重要資產。故透過本論文的研討，吾人或已完成某種對漢朝何以轉型成一禮制帝國這學術課題的經學史解釋。

關鍵字

經學史 ； 大戴禮記 ； 小戴禮記 ； 論述 ； 文化形式

並列摘要

The governmental structure and regulation of Han Dynasty was established on the basis of Confucian scholarship and the study of Chinese Classics, which had developed a kind of rigorous exegesis at that time. Such kind of development, in which the political and the academic affected each other, is, of course, an important issue in the historical study of Chinese Classics as a discipline. In order to give a proper examination of this development, I analyze ”Erdaiji 《二戴記》”, the representative works of Li Xue 禮學 in Han Dynasty, from two different perspectives: Foacault's historiography founded on his notion of ”discourse”, and Said's approach of literary criticism, through the idea of ”cultural form”. I hope to explore how the academic activities in Han Dynasty were represented by ”Erdaiji” and how ”Erdaiji” informed Chinese scholars' promises about his country. Focusing on the linguistic aspect with emphasis on the historical development and influence of signs and symbols, I find that, in Han Dynasty, the detail as well as the general notion of a government established on the basis of etiquette is gradually formed and represented by the development of two modes of discourses in ”Erdaiji”. Such discourses are thus important resources not only for the imaginary of Confucian scholars, but for that of the governmental bureaucrats in their construction of the state's system. Through this analysis we may also have a better understanding of the important historical issue of how Han Dynasty became an empire based on etiquette.

並列關鍵字

the history of Chinese Classics ； Dadai-liji ； Xiaodai-liji ； discourse ； cultural form

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