《紅樓夢》中的「石榴花」－賈元春新論

從文本之考掘得知，在《紅樓夢》人花一體之「花文本」中，元春之代表花是為石榴花，而透過情節之互證關涉，更擴延出「石榴花－端午節－女兒節－嫁女思親歸寧－大觀園－元春」之意義脈絡。就其象徵而言，乃借重臺石榴花鮮明紅艷之特點，諭示元春入宮封妃、耀眼非凡之至尊地位；其次則是透過石榴花「開花不及春」之特點，寓涵元春封妃不得其時而使賈府的經濟窘況雪上加霜，造成加速敗落之結果；第三便是由物極必反的邏輯，強化其從盛夏鼎盛到秋節敗滅的高度反差。至於元春所具備的母神地位，不但主導了大觀園之擘建與女兒國之奠立，更在「命名」上展現出至高之權力施為，將整個大觀園都納入到一個由元春所建立的「象徵秩序」與「話語形構」之中；同時也表現於釵黛取捨之決策上，實踐其決定女兒命運的母神功能。特別的是，在「二〸年來辨是非」的宮廷生活訓練之下，「才德兼備」之元春所具備的乃是客觀品鑒之才與多元涵容之德，透過對齡官的比照分析，可知元春之性格乃是情理兼備、公私分明，同時蘊含了分殊化原則的「自然的理想主義」，以及普遍化原則的「理性的現實主義」，是《紅樓夢》中二元襯補思維的一種具體顯現。

關鍵字

紅樓夢；賈元春；石榴花；大觀園；母神崇拜；命名權力；釵黛取捨

並列摘要

This paper identifies the flower symbol of Yuan-chun to be the pomegranate flower. Starting from this, I explore and analyze the meaning nexus of many elements related to the figure of Yuan-chun. First, the bright redness of the pomegranate flower is a simile of the majestic status of Princess Yuan. Second, the pomegranate flower ”always blooms after spring”, which hints that the untimely princess-appointment of Yuan-chun further worsens the economic status of the Jia family and thus hastens its decline. Third, the pomegranate flower fully blooms in mid-summer and then declines in the fall, forming a sharp contrast that intensifies a theme of Yuan-chun: After peak comes trough. This paper also discusses the mother-goddess status of Yuan-chun. It is first of all expressed in Yuan-chun's initiation of the establishment of Prospect Garden and her right to nominate locations wherein, thus giving a symbolic structure (a nomos-morpholism) to Prospect Garden. It also expresses itself in her choice between Bau-chai and Dai-yu. Last but not least, under the discipline of palace life (”distinguishing right from wrong, proper from improper for twenty years”), Yuan-chun has cultivated both the talent of objective appreciation and the virtue of sympathetic leniency. She embodies both the individuation principle of natural idealism and the universal principle of rational realism. This exemplifies the complementary dualism of ”the Dream of the Red Chamber”.

並列關鍵字

the Dream of the Red Chamber ； Jia Yuan-chun Chia Uan-ch'uen ； pomegranate flower ； Prospect Garden ； mother-goddess worship ； right to nominate ； choice between Bau-chai and Dai-yu