謝勒所體認的哲學之知

本文以謝勒的哲學觀點作為反思核心，分別從哲學通論、個人向度、社會向度等議題做探討。通論哲學方面，謝勒先後以哲學起自驚異、哲學追問本質、哲學尋求萬物的總根源三者為題，連貫了古典傳統的大方向，並在參考歷代各家說法中提出個人的綜合與批判。談及哲學的個人向度，謝氏以「自律」作為關鍵詞，消極地意謂著批判精神，積極地寓意著一份自適自足的自我建構。他藉「自律」這概念來彰顯哲學家之任務。至於哲學家的社會向度，謝勒又指出哲人不離社會團體的支撐；哲學受社會眾因素影響，尤以內政干預特別受注目。最後，謝勒還附帶地談論了哲學、宗教、科技間的關聯與異同、以及東西哲學對談之展望。

關鍵字

哲學；驚異；本質；存有；自律

並列摘要

Taking ”philosophy” as the focal point of reflection, Scheler puts forward a general view of philosophy as being a kind of knowledge which originates itself from one's wonder about nature, thus leading one to an inquiry into the essence of everything and finally into the ultimate foundation of all things as a totality. Scheler also emphasizes the idea of ”autonomy” as being a typical characteristic of a philosopher who relies on his reasoning alone to criticize and to systematize. Scheler also highlights the fact that philosophy has its social dimension, which means that philosophy is supported and influenced by the community. Of all the influences from the society, those from domestic policy even have special impacts upon the minds of the philosophers.