For the inspection of the foundations of river-crossing bridges which are not accessible or not visible, this study aims to exhibit the foundation state by measuring and characterizing the vibration response of superstructures. Two in-situ cases are presented, including a bridge in Northern Taiwan of which the caisson foundations had been long suffered scour and were thus severely exposed, and the other in Southern Taiwan of which some group-pile foundations were retrofitted by adding piles. For both cases, the ambient vibration on the deck was synchronously measured and recorded at multiple piers. Results showed that either the weakening of the foundation due to scour or the strengthening because of additional piles can be revealed by both the predominant frequency identified by the vibration spectrum and the experimental modal analysis of a bridge unit. Thus, the vibration-based foundation inspection was verified to be practically feasible.
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