漢墓或見仿木建築,既有彩色描繪,也有石刻雕鑿或是磚瓦鑲嵌,誠如藻井垂瓜或是「乳釘」已經見諸西漢中期的龜山漢墓、王莽時期乃至東漢初期的洛陽漢墓,以及東漢以後的綿陽崖墓。其中,尤以綿陽崖墓的數量為多,而且出現共時的區域特色,以及歷時的題材與風格之變遷,成為探討漢墓藻井垂瓜的裝飾意涵以及圖像演變的重要材料之一。因此,本文將以綿陽崖墓的藻井垂飾為中心,兼及成都、樂山、長寧崖墓的墓門門楣裝飾、斗栱裝飾,以及陶屋的門楣裝飾、斗栱裝飾。首先回顧墓頂垂瓜、垂花的發現與研究,判別問題所在。其次,歸納垂瓜、垂花的類型與風格,對照他區漢墓裝飾以及相關文物,追溯垂瓜、垂花的淵源以及地方特色。最後,結合墓頂的裝飾情境,比對相關文獻,探討垂瓜、垂花的象徵意義以及相互對應的喪葬禮俗。
There are many decorations on the ceilings of the Mianyang cliff tombs from the Han Dynasty, but we do not understand their significance. This paper will focus firstly on the of hanging melon and hanging flower ornaments from the ceilings of these tombs [Han dynasty]. Secondly, the paper will compare the various styles of decoration in Han Dynasty tombs from different areas. Lastly, the paper will study the funeral customs of the Han Dynasty through an analysis of ceiling ornaments from the Mianyang cliff tombs.