哲學諮商的意義與價值：以“對話”為核心的探討

The Meaning and Value of Philosophical Counseling-On"Dialogue"

潘小慧(Hsiao-Huei Pan)

《哲學與文化》 31卷1期 (2004/01) Pp. 23-40

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200401.0023

摘要

二十世紀末葉新發展的「哲學諮商」以及「哲學諮商運動」正以一門新興學科之姿影響全球化下的人們。簡言之，哲學諮商可界說為「一個受過訓練的哲學人藉由哲學的方式，如借助哲學經典／文本、哲學概念、哲學理論、哲學家或哲學方法，幫助個體克服他／她個人所可能面臨的成長障礙，以達到個人能力的最適當發展的過程。」本文首先闡明哲學是一種靈魂的療法，也作為一種廣義的心理治療，但哲學諮商不同於心理諮商及精神病學。其次，定位哲學諮商是一門實踐哲學，簡述其正式成立、其方法及「寧静(PEACE)」方法的五個諮商步驟。再者，析論「對話」作為基本的哲學諮商要素或方法，以「開放性對話」、「案主中心的對話」為念，最終達致於「自己作為自己的哲學諮商師」的境界；並以多瑪斯哲學文本為例，推薦文本／書籍治療（諮商）法作為哲學人自我諮商的參考方式。最後，肯定哲學諮商無論對哲學家個人、案主他人或團體，對兒童或成人，都是邁向美善人生的當代哲學實踐之路。

關鍵字

哲學 ； 諮商 ； 哲學諮商 ； 寧靜方法 ； 對話 ； 文本／書籍治療法

並列摘要

The ”philosophical counseling” and ”philosophical counseling movement” developed in the late twentieth century are influencing people as an emerging discipline in the age of globalization. In short, philosophical counseling is that” through philosophical methods like using philosophical texts, concepts, theories, as well as philosophers or philosophical methodology, a trained man of philosophy helps individuals overcome the obstacles they might be confronted with during the process of growing up before they can make the best development of his capabilities.” In this paper, we first make it clear that philosophy is a therapy for the soul, and philosophical counseling, distinguished from psychological counseling and psychiatry, is a psychological therapy in abroad sense. Secondly, philosophical counseling is identified as a practical philosophy, and its establishment, methodology and the fivesteps of ”PEACE” are summarized. Thirdly, ”dialogue” is analyzed as the basic component or methodology of philosophical counseling, and with the ”open dialogue” and ”client-centered dialogue” in mind, the ultimate goal is to make one ”become his or her own philosophical counselor;” with Thomas Aquinas's philosophical texts as a model, the text therapy (counseling) is recommended as a way for a man of philosophy to counsel himself. Finally, philosophical counseling is affirmed as an approach of the practice of contemporary philosophy to lead the philosopher himself, the clients as individuals or groups, and children or adults to the path to a wholesome life.

並列關鍵字

Philosophy ； Counseling ； Philoisophical Counseling ； PEACE (Problem,Emotion,Analysis,Contemplation,Equilibrium) ； Dialogue ； Text-therapy

參考文獻

Aquinas, St. Thomas,Fathers of the English Dominican Province(trans.)(1946).Summa Theologica.New York:Benziger Brothers.

Boele, Dries,Labav, Ran(eds.),Marai da Venza Tillmanns (eds.)(1995).Essays on philosophical counseling.Lanham, Md.:University Press of America.

C. L. Thompson、L. B. Rudolph著、葉貞屏譯(1985)。兒童諮商理論與技術。台北:心理出版社。

Corey, Gerald(1996).Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy.CA:Brooks.

Hersh, Seymon(1980).The Counseling Philosopher.The Humanist.