人權價值實踐的語境與語義

人權普遍價值的特殊實踐，是現代社會人權問題的核心。人權價值具有家族多樣性特質。人權價值的應用過程，是一個在具體理解、詮釋中具體實踐，在具體實踐中具體理解詮釋的過程；在知中行、在行中知的知行一體過程；是一個讓抽象原則活化，進而可理解、可詮釋、可實踐的過程。對於人權價值精神的一般原則認肯，並不能消除實踐中的無窮分歧與爭論。其緣由主要在於：具體情境中的人權問題內容差別，以及在這種人權問題差別中所進一步形成的理解、詮釋、實踐的差別。人權價值的實踐不是一個簡單的機械功能表操作，而是一種生活的智慧。行為主體不僅要有對於人權價值的篤信與良知，而且還要有道德能力：能夠在特殊境遇中具體理解與把握普遍人權價值，理解與把握特殊境遇，以及在這種特殊境遇中的特殊行動的能力。

關鍵字

人權；人權實踐；道德能力

並列摘要

The particular application of the universal values of human rights, is the core problem on human rights in modern society. The concept of human rights is a living and growing value with its own regulations. The kindred diversities of the value of human rights determine its own internal contradictions. The application of human rights is a concrete process of understanding and interpreting them in practice. Such a process is the integrated one of acting in knowing and knowing in acting. It is also the one of activating abstract principles to be understood, to be interpreted and to be put into practice. The acceptance of the universal principles of human rights can not end the endless debates and disagreements in practice, mainly because the contents of human rights will be different in different contexts and then this will determine the further different understandings, interpretations and practices of human rights. The practice of human rights is not a simple mechanical operation of clicking on the menu, but the wisdom of living. The moral agent not only has to keep the faith and conscience in human rights, but also possesses the moral capacity-being capable of acting in particular situations as well as comprehending and grasping the universal values of human rights in such situations.