王龍溪的儒佛會通策略之探討

Exploration of Wang Longxi's Strategies in Harmonizing Confucianism and Buddhism

察家和(Chia-He Tsai)

《哲學與文化》 39卷5期 (2012/05) Pp. 67-89

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.201205.0067

摘要

本文對於王龍溪合會儒佛的方式，做一說明，而於最後做出一反省與判斷，看其合會之詮釋是否成功。龍溪的合會方式，主要是以良知統三教而合會儒、佛，然而良知是實事實理，有本質之善時，就難以與佛學互相融合，於是龍溪改以良知虛寂性，而與佛學做融攝。而良知是無善又是至善，此是龍溪的合會方式，只說良知如孟子所言至善乃不足，又要說到無善。然無善又如何是至善呢？其內容是，良知依於性善，但卻不執著於善，故能與佛學相通。除了以良知之虛寂統攝佛學外，有時亦是學了佛學的優點，如空、如處，如無、不二等等概念，在此一方面，表面看似龍溪站在儒家的立場，以良知合會儒、佛，然而其良知的定義，其實已經加入了佛學的元素，故吾人認為，龍溪的學術工作，便是以儒學的觀點，吸收佛學的好處，進而合會通之。然這合會是一種策略方法，若以先秦儒學原意視之，龍溪以虛無等言良知，非先秦儒家之本意。

關鍵字

良知範國三教 ； 不二 ； 悟 ； 虛無 ； 空

並列摘要

This paper explains how Wang Longxi harmonizes Confucianism and Buddhism, and finally makes a reflection and determination about whether the interpretation in harmonization was successful. Wang's harmonization method uses the conscience to integrate the three teachings to harmonize Confucianism and Buddhism However, conscience is based on real issues and principles, and when there is good nature, it would be difficult to blend with Buddhism. Then, Wang uses the emptiness of conscience to blend with Buddhism Conscience has no goodness, but it is also the ultimate goodness, and this is the harmonization method of Wang, saying that conscience is the utmost good according to Mencius but is still insufficient, but saying that it is necessary to be no goodness. However, but how is no goodness also the utmost goodness The content of this is, conscience is based on the goodness of nature, but it does not emphasize goodness, so it can be connected to Buddhism. Other than using the emptiness of conscience to integrate Buddhism, sometimes it also learns from the advantages of Buddhism, such as concepts in empty, ephemeral, negation, and unity. In this respect, it seems that Wang is taking a Confucian stance to use conscience to integrate Confucianism and Buddhism, but the definition of conscience already includes Buddhist elements. Thus, this paper argues that Wang's academic work uses the Confucian perspective to absorb the good points of Buddhism, and in turn, harmonizing them. However, this type of harmonization is a strategic method. Seen from the original meanings in pre-Qin Confucianism, Wang's discuss ion of conscience as empty violates the original intent of pre-Qin Confucianism.

並列關鍵字

conscience to bound the three teachings ； unity ； understanding ； ephemeral ； emptiness (Sunyata)

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