個人與社會的聯結－論麥金太爾（Alasdair MacIntyre）的敘事、傳統與正義

The Connection between Individuals and Society-On Alasdair MacIntyre's Narrative, Tradition and Justice

洪櫻芬(Ying-Fen Hung)

《哲學與文化》 41卷1期 (2014/01) Pp. 157-176

摘要

麥金太爾（Alasdair MacIntyre, b. 1929）注意到傳統文化、社會背景的大環境，深深影響著自我的發展，其「敘事式自我」的提出，就是要指出每個人的故事與他人的故事是互相關聯，所以要真正理解一個人，應該將其置於他的社群關聯裏，注意到其敘事的生活，考慮到一切的環境背景。每一個學說思想，甚至語言的使用，皆繫於其生活的特別形式，內在的關聯著其傳統、社會。個人身處在其社會架構與歷史傳統中，透過實踐和德性反省，不斷成長，逐步邁向人生的目的，彰顯生命的統整性、秩序性。德性體現在各個面向的實踐活動裏，在德性中，正義佔領中心地位，「實踐」賦予「正義」的理論基礎與內容。而對正義的完整說明，必須指涉到一個人的生活及其所屬的社群，因為德性是社會的產物，是實踐的產物，每一項實踐都是在人與人互助合作的複雜組織下，社會性引導的活動行為。

關鍵字

麥金太爾 ； 敘事 ； 傳統 ； 正義 ； 實踐

並列摘要

Seeing the profound impact of traditional culture and social background on the development of one's self, Alasdair MacIntyre (b. 1929) proposes the concept of ”narrative self” to point out how everyone's story is interrelated with the stories of others. Therefore, to truly understand an individual, we should situate him or her in the context of his or her community, with attention to their narrative lives and all environmental backgrounds. Every doctrine or even the use of language is determined by an individual's particular style of life, internal associations, tradition and society. Situated in his or her social structure and historical tradition, one moves toward the goal of life and manifests the unity and orderliness of life through practice and virtual reflection. As virtues are embodied in the practical activities of all kinds, justice is the key virtue, and ”practice” offers the theoretical foundation and content of ”justice.” A comprehensive explanation must refer to everyone's life and the community they belong to, since virtues are the product of society and practice. Every practice is a socially guided activity taking place in the complicated organization of mutual cooperation between individuals.

並列關鍵字

MacIntyre ； Narrative ； Tradition ； Justice ； Practice

參考文獻

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