晚清禮學與西方學術——以黃以周的禮儀觀為中心

清代禮學以《儀禮》及名物制度研究為中心，至黃以周而得一總結。他不僅通過《禮書通故》，全面考證傳統禮學中的難題，還在繼承任啟運、戴震釋理為分理、條理的基礎上，提出了「考禮即窮理」、「禮義可以定命」等命題，認為禮與天、命、性等超越性源頭有著密切的聯繫，從而為有清一代的「三禮」研究建構了本體論基礎。他還試圖用禮學來解決學界長久以來關於考據與義理之間的爭論。為此，他凸顯《儀禮》和曲禮的重要性，對先秦典籍中的「義」和「儀」字做了嚴格的考證與新的詮釋，證明先秦典籍中的「禮儀」當作「禮義」，本身就包含有具體的禮數內容。這樣原本被看作是外在形式的儀節也因此有了內外兩層的意蘊。這種對於「禮儀」的新解讀，與芬格萊特將禮儀視作孔子思想的核心、存在的實體的觀點，有著異曲同工之處，也為深入思考禮在中國文化中的地位、禮儀在日常實踐中的功用開闢了新的面向。

關鍵字

黃以周；禮學；曲禮；芬格萊特；神聖禮儀

並列摘要

Qing Dynasty Ritualism is concentrated on YiLi and the research of the system of persons and objects, up to Huang Yizhou gives a summary. He not only conducts a comprehensive research of puzzles in traditional ritualism in his book about ancient rites, but also takes up the interpretation of Ren Qiyun and Dai Zhen, and on the basis that principle is seen as departure and consecution, he propounds propositions such as ＂to research ritual is to probe the principle＂, ＂propriety can make life＂, accounting that propriety has a close relation with such transcendency source like heaven, fate and instinct, so as to constructe the ontological foundation of the ＂Three Rituals＂ research in Qing Dynasty. He is also trying to use Ritualism to settle the disputation between textual research and philosophy of principle which has been debated for a long time in academic world. To this end, he highlights the importance of YiLi and QuLi, and makes a literal textual research with strictness of ＂righteousness＂ and “ceremony” in pre-Qin books and records, as well as gives the new interpretations, which proves that ＂etiquette＂ in pre-Qin books and records ought to be ＂propriety＂，the latter itself containing specific rules of etiquette. In this way, etiquette, which is originally seen as the external form of rites, also has two layers of meaning both inside and outside. This new interpretation of ＂etiquette＂ has a similar point with the view of Fingarette, that etiquette is regarded as the core of Confucianism and an entity in existence. Furthermore, it opens a new face to think deeply about the position of propriety in Chinese culture, as well as the etiquette function in daily practice.