證據與探究－論證據主義的德性批判

我們應該靜態地看待證據，還是應該動態地考察證據與探究的過程？對於這個問題的不同回答構成了證據主義與德性知識論的根本分歧。證據主義堅持一種狹隘的證成觀，主張認知證成只涉及證據與信念的關係，與探究行為無關；德性知識論則遵循自然化知識論的思路考察信念的病原學，主張證據與探究應該獨立共存，並基於理智德性重塑信念證成（個人證成）與命題證成的關係，拓展了認知證成的本質內涵。總之，德性知識論成功地調和了傳統知識論與自然化知識論之間愈發尖銳衝突和對立。

關鍵字

證據；探究；證成；證據主義；德性知識論

並列摘要

Should we view our evidences statically, or investigate evidence and inquiry dynamically? It constitutes the fundamental differences between evidentialism and virtue epistemology. Evidentialists propose a narrow view of justification, and argue that epistemic justification only concerns the relationship between evidence and belief, and has nothing to do with inquiry. In contrast, virtue epistemologists argue that evidence and inquiry can coexist, and reshape the relation of doxastic (personal) justification and propositional justification based on intellectual virtue. All in all, virtue epistemology reconciles successfully the increasingly sharp conflict between traditional epistemology and naturalizing epistemology.