In the Seventeenth century, most Jesuits and Chinese Christians adopted the policy of Matteo Ricci: they rejected Song-Ming Confucianism and expressed Christian thought with ancient Confucianism. Yet, a few Jesuits like Niccolò Longobardo opposed to Ricci's policy, considering ancient, as Song-Ming, Confucianism to be atheistic. François Noël's Philosophica sinica is a turning point: not only did he reject Ricci's distinction between ancient and Song-Ming Confucianism, and like Longobardo maintained the continuity of Confucianism, but he also made a fresh evaluation of Song-Ming Confucianism, attempting to reconcile it with Christian thought. Compared to Ricci, this Confucian Christianity is more deeply grounded on metaphysics. This paper analyses how Noël overcame the rejection of Song-Ming Confucianism by the first Jesuits, and explains his attempt for the first time to build a common basis between Song-Ming Confucianism and Christian thought.