瑪利亞與婦女－傳教士著述、教會文獻以及女教友書寫中瑪利亞形象的典範轉移、接受與實踐

梵二大公會議之後，婦女在教會中所受的專注逐漸增高，不少相關文獻相繼出爐探究婦女與瑪利亞，以及其與社會的關係。教宗保祿六世在梵二大公會議召開十年之後發表了宗徒勸諭「瑪利亞敬禮」、教宗若望保祿二世於1987年發表了「救主之母通諭」，隨後於1988年又發表了牧函：《婦女的尊嚴與聖召》，講述婦女的尊嚴與聖召是基督徒需要不斷討論的議題；1999年若望保祿二世訪問印度之際，更清楚地指出了瑪利亞的特色：她是慈悲的母親，交談與共融的母親，與亞洲教會關係重大。這些文獻顯示教會日益重視婦女所彰顯的瑪利亞形象，以及婦女對社會與教會的貢獻。事實上，談論瑪利亞形象對婦女的啟發，以及在她的影響下，婦女對天主教教會的貢獻，並非由梵二之後才開始，在梵二之前，或者早在早期傳教士來華之際，其實已有不少傳教士在其著述中討論瑪利亞的形象以及婦女對教會的貢獻。歷經漫長的歷史，瑪利亞形象的傳遞，理解與實踐，隨著時代的轉變產生了不同的可能性。本文擬嘗試由早期來華耶穌會傳教士柏應理《一位中國奉教太太：許母徐太夫人甘第大傳畧》、高一志《聖母行實》對於瑪利亞與女教友形象的闡述、梵二之後的教會相關文獻，以及當代女教友張秀亞在其文學著述中所描述的瑪利亞形象之互文對照，探究瑪利亞形象的典範移轉、接受以及此形象在中華語境本地化的過程中，對女教友的影響以及引領她們所做出的貢獻。

關鍵字

瑪利亞與婦女；早期來華耶穌會傳教士；柏應理；高一志；梵二與婦女；張秀亞

並列摘要

After the second Vatican Council, the role of women in the church has been gradually, emphasized. Not few catholic documentaries tried to move the approach to the issue of women and Mariology, and the connection between them and society. Pope Paul the sixth issued a Mariological Apostolic Lette: Marialis cultus ten years after the second Vatican Council, Pope John Paul the second announced the Mariological encyclical: Redemptoris Mater in 1987, and a year later, he issued the Apostolic Letter: Mulieris Dignitatem, these catholic documentaries paid attention to the dignity and vocation of women. In 1999, when Pope John Paul the second visited India, he pointed out the characteristics of Maria: She is mother of mercy, dialogue and communion, she is deeply related to Asia. These documents reveal that the Catholic Church attaches importance to the combination between women and Maira's image and women's contribution to the Church. In fact, issues discussed about women's contribution to the Church have been started before the second Vatican Council. In some writings of the early Jesuits missionaries in China, the image of Maria and the contribution of women have been explored. Along with the long history, the transmission of Maria's image, and how this image has been understood and put into practice, has their diverse possibilities from time to time. This paper focuses on the writings of Jesuits Missionaries Philipp Couplet's work Bibliography of Candida Xu, Alfonso Vagnoni's Sheng Mu Xing Shi as well as the Catholic documents and the writings of female Catholic writer Cecilia Chang to explore the paradigm shift of Maria's image and its influence on the female Catholic writers to contribute to the Church in the process of inculturation.

並列關鍵字

Maria and Women ； The Early Missionaries in China ； Philip Couplet ； Alfonso Vagnoni ； The Second Vatican Council and Women ； Cecilia Chang

參考文獻

Reynolds, Brian(2009).Porta Paradisi: Marian Doctrine and Devotion, Image and Typology in the Patristie and Medieval Periods.Taipei:Fu Jen University Press.