試論中西學界對朱子太極問題的理解－以牟宗三和Joseph Adler說法為例

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Explanations to Zhu Xi's Taiji-Taking Mou Zongsan and Joseph Adler as Examples

李麗珠(Lizhu LI)

《哲學與文化》 46卷10期 (2019/10) Pp. 139-152

摘要

理氣關係是朱熹哲學的核心問題，在註解濂溪《太極圖說》、《通書》時，理氣關係表現為太極動靜陰陽的關係問題。中西學界對朱熹太極問題皆有相關討論，牟宗三以為朱熹太極只是理則之理，只存有不活動；Joseph Adler在他的書Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi中實際上是將朱熹太極理解成了陰陽統一體，一定意義上是想為朱熹太極內涵正名。本文通過對朱熹太極內涵及其他學者論辯的分析，認為牟宗三對朱熹太極思想的質疑有其合理性，朱熹太極即理，太極本身不動靜。一方面，朱熹秉持排斥佛老、復興儒學的信念建立龐大的理論體系，宋明理學成為儒學發展的第二高峰；另一方面，他的理論體系中氣的存在問題始終沒有得到很好的安頓，氣非理所生，氣亦非完全自生。

關鍵字

太極 ； 動靜 ； 陰陽 ； 理氣關係

並列摘要

The relationship between li (principle) and qi (physical substance) is the core issue of Zhu Xi's theory. This issue is expressed as the relationship of taiji and activity and stillness and yin (dark) and yang (light) while Zhu Xi annotating Zhou Dunyi's Taijitu Shuo and Tongshu. There are some discussions related to Zhu's taiji in eastern and western academias. Mou Zongsan suggests that Zhu Xi's taiji is li which exists without activity. Joseph Adler published his book Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi and thinks that Zhu's taiji includes li and qi, which wants to correct some doubts to Zhu's taiji. This article admits that Mou's query is reasonable in some degree because Zhu's taiji is li and taiji cannot act by itself. On the one side, aiming to reject heresy especially Buddhism and revive Confucianism, Zhu Xi established enormosus theory system and Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism became the second peak in the history of Confucianism. On the other side, the existence of qi is not solved in Zhu's system of li and qi. Qi is not self-generated and is not created by li as well.

並列關鍵字

Taiji ； Activity and Stillness ； Yin and Yang ； The Relationship between Li and Qi

參考文獻

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