從近出《尚書》類文獻論孔子刪《書》

On Confucius' Deletion of the ＂The Book of Documents＂ from the Perspective of the Recent Excavated Documents

李銳(Rui LI)

《哲學與文化》 48卷3期 (2021/03) Pp. 19-37

摘要

孔子刪《書》與編《書》之事相關，孔子生前曾選部分《書》作為教材，說孔子編《書》為百篇，當是弟子後學完成此事而追述本師孔子。近年所出竹簡《尚書》類文獻有助於討論刪《書》的問題，馬王堆帛書《要》篇則可以說明先秦已有《尚書》之名。刪《書》一事的關鍵是《尚書序》的成立問題，程元敏先生對此做過系統研究，解決了不少難題，但也存在個別不當之處，如將《尚書序》及《尚書》名稱的成立時間推得過晚，認為其中有一些問題。從《尚書序》來看，其編選的《尚書》百篇，可以研究編選原則，說明某些《尚書》類文獻為何沒有進入百篇《尚書》。《尚書序》與百篇《尚書》的編者，可能與孟荀弟子後學無關聯。

關鍵字

《尚書》 ； 書序 ； 刪書 ； 孔子 ； 子夏

並列摘要

Confucius』s deleting of ＂The Book of Documents＂ closely related to his compilation of the ＂The Book of Documents＂. Confucius had selected part of the ＂The Book of Documents＂ as a teaching material, the idea that Confucius had compiled the a hundred ＂The Book of Documents＂, is spread out by his disciples after the completion of the book. In recent years, Many documents of ＂The Book of Documents＂ in the bamboo slips can help discussing the issue of the deletion of the ＂The Book of Documents＂. Mawangdui silk text ＂Yao＂ can prove that the name of ＂The Book of Documents＂ was Already existed in pre-Qin Dynasty. The key to the deletion of the ＂The Book of Documents＂ is the establishment of the ＂The Preface to The Book of Documents＂. Mr. Cheng Yuanmin has done a systematic study of this, solving many problems, but there are still some problems, such as he judged ＂The Preface to The Book of Documents＂ to be a late document, and the establishment of the the name of ＂The Book of Documents＂ to be a late thing. Based on ＂The Preface to The Book of Documents＂, it is necessory to select and complicate ＂The Book of Documents＂. Forever, the compilers have nothing to do with the later studies of Meng zi and Xunzi's disciples.

並列關鍵字

The Book of Documents ； The Prefaceto The Book of Documents ； The deleting of ＂The Book of Documents＂ ； Confucius

參考文獻

陳夢家，《尚書通論》，北京：中華書局，2005。

陳壽祺輯校，《尚書大傳》，《叢書集成新編》第 106 冊，臺北：新文豐出版公司，1985。

程元敏，《書序通考》，臺北：臺灣學生書局，1999。

程元敏，《尚書學史》，臺北：五南圖書出版公司，2011。

傅亞庶，《孔叢子校釋》，北京：中華書局，2011。