論清華簡《厚父》的政治思想及文本性質

Discussion of the Political Thought and Textual Nature of Houfu in Tsinghua Bamboo slips

孫飛燕(Feiyan SUN)

《哲學與文化》 48卷3期 (2021/03) Pp. 39-57

摘要

本文在重新釋讀簡文的基礎上，總結出簡文反映的政治思想：一是天命思想。厚父要求君主重視祭祀、百姓、道德和典刑，以保有天命。二是民本思想。厚父雖然指出民心難測，但這是對民性的認識，與民本思想並不衝突。簡文「以庶民惟政之恭」、「天降下民，設萬邦，作之君，作之師」、「惟時下民共帝之子，咸天之臣民」都體現了對民的重視。三是要求統治者以身作則，實行教化。厚父認為只有統治者自身敬畏上帝、明德、慎祀，才能上行下效，使百姓得到治理。四是不能過度飲酒。這些思想主張與《尚書》的《康誥》、《君奭》、《酒誥》、《詩經．大雅》中的西周思想非常接近，在語言上也很相似，該篇應屬於《尚書》的《周書》類文獻。

關鍵字

《厚父》 ； 天命 ； 民本 ； 教化 ； 禁酒 ； 西周思想

並列摘要

Based on the re-interpretation of the bamboo slips, this paper summarized the political thoughts reflected in the text. The first thought is destiny thought. Hou fu required the emperor pay important attention to sacrifice, common people, morality and the law in order to keep destiny. The second thought is people-centered thought. Though Hou Fu pointed out popular feelings is unpredictable, this viewpoint related to peoples nature and did no conflict with people-centered thought. The texts ＂Yi Shu Min Wei Zheng Zhi Gong＂, ＂Tian Jiang Xia Min, She Wan Bang, Zuo Zhi Jun, Zuo Zhi Shi＂ and ＂Wen Shi Xia Min Gong Di Zhi Zi, Xian Tian Zhi Chen Min＂ in bamboo slips all reflected attaching importance to people. The third thought is requiring the rulers set examples to people and moralize them. Hou fu thought the key point of governing the people is moral education of Si Min. Only when the rulers set themselves examples to others, fear the Lord, brighten morality, and offer sacrifices cautiously, can the people follow the behaviors of the rulers. The fourth thought is Prohibition. These thoughts were very similar to the West Zhou's thoughts in Kang Hao, Jun Shi from the Book of History and Da Ya from the Book of Songs, therefore, this bamboo slips should be categorized as the literature Zhou Shu of the Book of Documents.

並列關鍵字

Hou Fu ； Destiny ； People-centered ； Moralize ； Prohibition ； the thought of West Zhou

參考文獻

清華大學出土文獻研究與保護中心編、李學勤主編，《厚父》，《清華大學藏戰國竹簡（伍）》，上海：中西書局，2015，頁 109-116。

王坤鵬，〈論清華簡《厚父》的思想意蘊與文獻性質〉，《史學集刊》(2017.2): 38-45。

（日）福田哲之，〈清華簡《厚父》的時代暨其性質〉，臺灣大學文學院主編，《第二届先秦兩漢出土文獻與學術新視野國際研討會論文集》，2015 年 10 月 17-18日，頁 173-187。

杜勇，〈清華簡《厚父》與早期民本思想〉，《西華師範大學學報（哲學社會科學版）》(2016.2): 15-22。

李若暉，〈《厚父》「典刑」考〉，《哲學與文化》44.10(2017.10): 63-79。