明清之際天道人性論的理論轉型－王船山人性生成論的義理詮釋

The Theoretical Transformation of The Doctrine About The Heavenly Way and Human Nature Around The Turn of The Ming and Qing Dynasties-A Theoretical Interpretation of Wang Chuan-shan's Theory of Generating of Humanity

陳振崑(Jen-Kuen CHEN)

《哲學與文化》 49卷1期 (2022/01) Pp. 39-61

摘要

宋明理學不只是近代中華文化的主流思想，更融入為韓、日、越南等東亞文明的精神體現，而呈現出其價值觀的普世性。其中，朱子理學、陽明心學與船山氣學分別代表三個不同型態的性命之學的思想典範。新近學術界對於明清之際氣學思想的討論非常熱烈。王船山的人性生成論最具有理論的批判性與開創性，並在明清之際顯現其哲學理論典範轉移的建構意義。王船山揭櫫：「道大而善小，善大而性小」、「命日降，性日生日成」、「習與性成」、「氣與神和」等重要觀念，其直接之相關文獻散布於《周易外傳》、《尚書引義》、《讀四書大全說》、《周易內傳》與《張子正蒙注》。本文論旨從船山氣學對於朱子理學、陽明心學之人性論思想的反省出發，在當代兩岸三地諸前賢的研究成果上，對於船山的人性生成論進行一番義理詮釋，闡發人性生成的實存性、感通性、整全性、互動性、社會性與開創性。

關鍵字

船山氣學 ； 人性生成論 ； 天人相續 ； 習與性成 ； 氣與神和

並列摘要

Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties is not only the mainstream thought of early modern Chinese culture but also manifested in East-Asian civilizations such as Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese civilizations, displaying the universality of Confucian values. Among others, Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, Wang Yang-ming's doctrine of mind and Wang Chuan-shan's doctrine of qi represent the ideological paradigms of three different doctrines of nature and destiny. Recently, the doctrine of qi around the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is discussed heatedly in the academic world. Wang Chuan-shan's theory of human nature is theoretically most critical and innovative, showing its constructive meaning of paradigm shifting around the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Proposing such important ideas as ＂constant renewal of character, destiny descending daily,＂ ＂human nature being accomplished by human habit,＂ and the ＂harmony of qi and spirituality,＂ Wang Chuan-shan published the related writings in External Commentary on the Book of Changes, The Extended Meaning of the Book of History, A Completed Explanation of the Four Books, Textual Commentary on the Book of Changes, Commentary on Zhang Zai's Rectifying the Youth. This article begins with reflecting on Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism and Wang Yang-ming's doctrine of mind on the aspect of human nature from the perspective of Wang Chuan-shan's doctrine of qi and makes theoretical interpretation of Wang Chuan-shan's theory of generating of humanity based on the academic results of cross-strait scholars, explicating the reality, sympathy, comprehensiveness, interactivity, sociality and innovativeness of human nature.

並列關鍵字

Wang Chuan-shan's Doctrine of Qi ； Theory of Generating of Humanity ； Continuity between Heaven and Man ； Human Nature Being Accomplished by Human Habit ； Harmony of Qi and Spirituality

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