清初王學流傳的激盪－以毛奇齡、張烈為核心

The Surging of Wang Yang-Ming's Thought in Early Qing: The Confrontation between Mao Qi-Ling and Zhang Lie

蔡龍九(Lung Chiu TSAI)

《哲學與文化》 49卷1期 (2022/01) Pp. 81-98

摘要

王學流傳至明末，雖有東林學派的反思與補充，然此仍是在程朱理學立場下對王學「非全然批評」之反省。而後，經由王門後學劉蕺山、黃宗羲……等人的努力，逐漸能回歸王學的主要論述核心以修正其流弊。至清初，不論是因政治考量還是門戶之見，對王學總有一定程度的反動。約若同時期，尊朱立場鮮明之張烈（1622－1685），除了在學術上激烈批判了王學，亦與尊王斥朱的毛奇齡（1623－1716）有所爭論。本文將以此二人思想與相關立場做出精簡描述，以反映清初王學流傳時的概況與受到的挑戰。

關鍵字

王學 ； 朱學 ； 毛奇齡 ； 張烈

並列摘要

The transmission of Wang's thought has been reflected and supplemented by Dong-Lin Sect in late Ming, yet they remain confined and fettered by their Cheng-Chu Neo-Confucianism's position. Then, Wang's thought has gradually been revised and refashioned to its mainstream through the endeavor of Liu Ji-Shan, Huang Zong-Xi, and many other scholars. In early Qing, certain counter-movements to Wang's thought arise due to political or sectarian considerations. About the same time, Zhang Lie (1622-1685), a champion of Zhu Xi, strongly criticizes Wang's thought while debating with Mao Qi-Ling (1623-1716), a champion of Wang. In this paper, I intend to explore the related arguments proposed by the two scholars in order to reflect the condition and challenges confronted by Wang's in early Qing.

並列關鍵字

The School of Wang Yang-Ming ； The School of Zhu Xi ； Mao Qi-Ling ； Zhang Lie

參考文獻

顧炎武，《日知錄校注》，合肥：安徽大學出版社，2007。

黃宗羲，《明儒學案》，臺北：里仁書局，1987。

徐世昌編，《清儒學案》，北京：中華書局，2008。

孫奇逢，《孫奇逢集》，鄭州：中州古籍出版社，2003。

李光地，《榕村全集》，臺北：力行書局，1969。