「羞惡之心」發微

An Elucidation of ＂Mind of Shame and Aversion＂

劉佳寶(Jiabao LIU)

《哲學與文化》 49卷4期 (2022/04) Pp. 185-198

摘要

孟子非常重視「恥」並提出了「羞惡之心，義之端也」。通過引入罪責感與羞恥感之區別，本文澄清了對羞恥的某些誤解，並強調羞恥感與一個人的自我認同密切相關。相對於以往從罪責感和從現代權利觀念出發的闡釋路徑而言，從美德與修身成德的角度可以更好地把握「羞惡之心」與孟子之「義」。朱熹分別以「憎人之不善」與「恥己之不善」來解釋「惡」與「羞」，若執於字面理解，這兩方面皆值得商榷，羞恥感關乎「己」但卻不止於「己身」。由此引申，在夫婦、父子和君臣之倫之中，我們都可以發現一種榮辱與共的結構，在此結構中，美德與人倫關係兩套邏輯並行存在，兩者既相輔相成，有時又存在張力。

關鍵字

孟子 ； 羞惡之心 ； 義 ； 四端 ； 倫常

並列摘要

Mencius emphasized the importance of shame and pointed out that shame is the sprout of rightness. Through an analysis of guilty and shame, this article argues that shame is closely related to one's identity. Compared with the perspectives of both guilty and modern right, we can better understand the mind of feeling of shame and aversion and Mencius's rightness through the perspective of virtue and self-cultivation. Zhu Xi respectively interprets aversion as ＂hatred against others' bad＂ and shame as ＂shame of one's own bad＂. These interpretations cannot be understood literally, it needs further clarification and explanation. Especially, Mencius's understanding of shame is not only about the agent himself. Start from this insight, we can find that shame and glory are shared between husband and wife, father and son, monarch and subject and so on, where one may find that the actualization of one's virtues and one's relationships can be in harmony and in tension.

並列關鍵字

Mencius ； Mind of Shame and Aversion ； Rightness ； Four Sprouts ； Relationship

參考文獻

漢．趙岐注，清．焦循疏，《孟子正義》，北京：中華書局，1987。

宋．程顥、程頤，《二程集》，北京：中華書局，1981。

宋．朱熹注，《四書章句集注》，北京：中華書局，2012。

宋．朱熹，《朱子全書》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2010。

伯納德．威廉斯，《羞恥與必然性》，吳天嶽譯，北京：北京大學出版社，2014。