無政府主義的影響和實踐：成舍我的「非資本主義大眾化報刊」

本文試圖說明一個長久被忽視（甚而很少在新聞史被論及）的意識形態和主張－無政府主義對成舍我報刊實踐的影響？無政府主義在中國現代史的研究上往往有被邊緣化的現象；中國新聞史的研究亦然。多數無政府主義者對報刊的實踐方式，都集中在書報形式的雜誌、書冊上。那麼成舍我標舉「報紙」來做為其「面向大眾」的方法及手段，其特殊性，無疑是深受無政府主義影響的知識分子群體裡的一個異數。

關鍵字

大眾化；成舍我；無政府主義；新聞史

並列摘要

This paper attempts to discuss the influence of an ideological tradition long neglected in the study of journalism history: Chinese anarchism. A careful examination of Cheng She-wo's social network and personal interaction normally led us to suspect the New Era anarchists may have had a greater influence on him than the liberalism of the May Fourth period. It has been noticed that most anarchists’ journalism practices concentrated in the forms of monographs, magazines, journals, and pamphlets; however, Cheng She-wo chose newspapers as the vehicle to reach the public. Cheng's belief in the importance of public interests as the foundation for newspapers hastened his adoption of 'massification' as his newspapers’ direction, and his demand for massification was to engage the masses in newspapers, not to create a product solely for the consumption of the bourgeoisie. It is claimed in this paper that Chinese anarchism was not a small part to form Cheng's journalism views and practices, especially his ideas and practices of newspapers' 'massification'.