軍統局對美國戰略局的認識與合作開展

太平洋戰爭爆發後，美國為了蒐集日軍動態與氣象資料等情報，於1942年派海軍中校梅樂斯（Milton E. Miles）來華，與軍事委員會調查統計局洽商合作事宜，翌年7月1日成立「中美特種技術合作所」（SACO），雙方展開合作事項。由於當前研究成果忽視中美合作所有關美國戰略局（OSS）的角色和影響，且多從美國材料出發，難以瞭解中國方面的反應。本文適逢軍統局檔案解密契機，正可從中國的視野切入考察，論述戴笠與軍統局人員對美國戰略局的認織，以及利用美國戰略局與海軍部在華的競爭，以利中美合作所順利運作。美國戰略局以海軍部壟斷中美合作所在華資源滋生嫌隙，有意另立合作組織。戴笠回應雙方合作務必在中美合作所下，並區分業務各別與戰略局、海軍部合作。由於美國戰略局調整中美合作所運作方式，讓中國方面趁機擺脫美國海軍部的掌控，鞏固自己發聲的權益，既維護了國家主權，又能為國家爭取最大利益，提高情報人員的裝備、改善情報網建置成果，是國民政府意外的收穫。

關鍵字

戴笠；軍統局；中美合作所；美國戰略局；梅樂斯

並列摘要

After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Milton E. Miles, a commander of the United States Navy, was sent to China to meet China's Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (BIS, as the so-called Juntong) on the issue of cooperation on military intelligence in 1942. On July 1st of the following year, the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO) was formed, so the wartime cooperation on military intelligence started.Most studies concerning SACO issue overlook the role and influence of the OSS. Besides, they have only been based on the basis of USA materials, and failed to take into account the China's reactions. Taking advantage of the opening of archives of the Juntung, this paper tries to look at the issue from the Chinese perspective, exploring how hard Dai Li and his staff at the Juntung worked to realize the OSS more closely and how well they achieved via the conflicts between the OSS and the US Navy.The OSS believed that the US Navy monopolized the efforts of SACO and wanted to form another organization with Juntung. However, Dai Li insisted that the Sino-American cooperation on military intelligence must be done within SACO. Dai also managed to cooperate with the US Navy and the OSS separately.Owing to OSS modifying the mode of operations of SACO, China had a chance to secure her own rights to ask what her need. In this way, China was able to maintain her own sovereignty on one hand and to strive for the greatest benefits on the other. Meanwhile, Dai also improved the equipment of his staff and the network of military intelligence, earning extra bonus for the Nationalist Government.