戴笠與忠義救國軍

本文分別從組織、訓練、作戰等三方面，試圖勾勒出忠義救國軍的歷史面貌。在組織方面，忠義救國軍承繼別働隊、別働隊教導團而來，其成立目的是為了因應抗日情勢的需要，以及配合情報工作的進行。無論從組織沿革、人事的安排與組織的整編，都可以看出忠義救國軍是由戴笠所創辦。在訓練方面，從別働隊到忠義救國軍約分成四階段，其中第三階段以分期分類的訓練方式，奠定了忠義救國軍的學養技能，第四階與中美合作所合作，藉由美籍教官的授課與訓練，使忠義救國軍對現代化軍事有了初步的啟蒙，對該軍戰力的提升大有裨益，也在後來的抗日與反共戰爭中發揮了作用。在作戰方面，忠義救國軍經過美方教官訓練與美式裝備後，無論在抗日或反共的戰役上，都發揮了極大的戰鬥力。尤其是1945年的浙西戰役之後，共軍總是迴避與忠義救國軍接觸，也使國軍收復京滬的反攻計畫，免受中共的干擾得以順利進行。總之，抗戰期間的忠義救國軍，是一支由戴笠所創辦的的戰鬥武力；歷經幾次的整編改制，從一支諜報隊伍到全美式裝備的正規軍，其在各個階段都對中國的抗日戰爭與反共戰爭，做出了貢獻。是以，忠義救國軍可以視之為：一支以戴笠為首組織嚴密、紀律森嚴的戰鬥部隊。

關鍵字

戴笠；忠義救國軍；抗日戰爭；中美合作社

並列摘要

This paper explores the development of the Loyal Patriotic Army (Zhongyi jiuguo jun) from the perspectives of his organization, training and combat ability. Since the Loyal Patriotic Army was the recombination of the Special Task Force (Beidong dui) and the subordinations of the Special Task Force (Beidong dui jiaodao tuan), the Army's purpose certainly succeed Special Task Force's aim to resist Japanese invasion. According to leaders of this Army and the reorganization were ordered by Dai Li, it was clear that Dai Li founded the Loyal Patriotic Army.In terms of training, Dai Li applied different training by separate characters of task, so made members of this Army with enough military knowledge and skills. After the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (ACO) taking charge of partial training, this Army was faced with the American modernizing military knowledge and new combat skills. This improved the combat capability of the Army, and later cause the Army won some battles for resisting Japanese invasion or Communist attack. Concerning the combat ability, the battling capability of the Army was largely improved after SACO's training and quipped with American weapons. For example, this Army successfully beat the Communist at the Zhexi Campaign in 1945, so the Communist avoided encountering with the Loyal Patriotic Army as far as possible. Owing to it, The Nationalist Government took over Beijing and Shanghai smoothly without disturbance from the Communist.In a word, the Loyal Patriotic Army was only an intelligence force at first, then transformed into an official Army because of SACO. The Army did play an important role on anti-Japanese and anti-Communist wars.