戰時體制下臺南師範學校學生的軍事訓練與動員（1937-1945）

創立於1899（明治32）年的臺南師範學校，不但是日治時期南臺灣初等教育師資培育的重鎮，更是當時少有的中（高）等學府，因而成為學子們升學與報考的主要對象。原本應以春風化雨為目標的南師校園，隨1937（昭和12）年日本對外侵略戰爭的開啟，也被迫走上軍國主義的道路，學生們的課業學習不但多受耽擱影響，隨戰爭的愈加急迫，各種軍事訓練與動員更被推向極致。在軍事訓練方面，除一般校內之軍事課程外，南師學生還以「學徒奉公」名義被編納到「學徒奉公隊」，參與防空訓練、陣地構築、軍事服務等各項勞務工作。而在軍事動員部分，原本師範生可享有緩徵與役期縮短權利，隨日本戰事吃緊，非但既有權利被取消，兵役年齡更逐年降低，高年級學生因此被徵召為「學徒出陣」，分赴中國與南洋各地作戰，至於低年級學生，雖未達徵兵年齡，也因盟軍可能登陸，遭日方以學徒兵名義強迫加入「學徒隊」，擔負起臺灣本島警備防衛工作。學校教育為軍事動員所取代，原欲「逐筆」的學習生活不但變成「執槍」的軍事生活，也成為戰時體制下南師學生的重要集體記憶，影響深遠。本文主要利用南師內部的刊行品、報紙、回憶錄與時人研究等材料，實證析論中日戰爭爆發後，南師學生旁及於他校學生所面對的軍事訓練、軍事戰鬥與軍事防衛，藉學生們的追憶與論述，凸顯戰爭對教育與師範生所帶來的衝擊與影響。

關鍵字

軍事動員；臺南師範學校；學徒出陣；學徒兵；學徒隊

並列摘要

Tainan Normal School, the most important educational institute in south Taiwan, was founded in 1899 and became the main source of elementary school teachers when Japan's occupation of Taiwan. In 1937, Taiwan was pushed to the point of chaos of war because Japan had started to invade China, resulting in change not only the original peaceful campus life, but also of the addition of the military training and mobilization onto all normal students. Besides, previously the students of Tainan Normal School had both the rights of postponed levy and of shortened the term of military service, but now they were cancelled subsequently by the wartime policy. The senior student were all conscripted and dispatched to battlefields in China and Southeast Asia, while the younger ones were enlisted as the ＂Student Soldiers＂ and arranged to the ＂Student Force＂, under the Japanese Empire Army, to take the responsibility of the defense for the Taiwan Island. From then on, the war experiences implanted in their minds have since became their eternal memories. This paper uses the publications by Tainan Normal School (renamed National Tainan University from 2004), newspapers, memory records, and the relevant studies on this subject to discuss the military mobilization, training, fighting, and defending undergone by these students, with a view to highlighting the impact and influence of war on them.