中美對東海石油勘探與釣魚臺主權的爭議（1969-1972）

ROC-US Dispute Over Diaoyutai Sovereignty and Oil Exploration in the East China Sea, 1969-1972

林正義(Cheng-yi Lin) ； 陳鴻鈞(Hung-chun Chen)

《國史館館刊》 53期 (2017/09) Pp. 109-172

摘要

本文探討中華民國與美國在東海石油勘探和釣魚臺爭議之中的角色。本文首先簡述中華民國海域石油勘探的歷史，說明中華民國經濟部早於「艾默利報告」發表之前，即知道東海可能蘊藏豐富的石油。幾乎與此報告同時，美國與日本開始商討琉球群島交還議題，釣魚臺海域勘探與主權之間的問題逐漸浮現。1970年代起，中華民國政府積極與5家美商合作勘探臺灣海峽與東海的石油，並與日本、南韓之間展開海底資源的競爭。「琉球歸還協定」與美國、中華人民共和國關係正常化，對中華民國與美石油公司在東海的合作勘探造成不利的影響。美國國務院對在東海探勘的美國石油公司，威脅不提供安全保護，施壓多家石油公司暫停履行與中油的合約，不准它們使用精密的油源勘探儀器。中華民國退出聯合國，使得蔣介石經由東海石油開採，以爭取釣魚臺主權的計畫，面臨重大的挫折。

關鍵字

石油勘探 ； 東海 ； 釣魚臺 ； 蔣介石 ； 領土爭議

並列摘要

This article discusses the role of the government in the dispute between the ROC and the United States over oil exploration in the East China Sea and the sovereignty of Diaoyutai / Senkaku islands. The article first traces the history of Taiwan's offshore oil exploration. Before the release of the Emery Report, the ROC Ministry of Economic Affairs had already discovered that the East China Sea might become one of the world's most productive oil reservoirs. Almost in tandem with the Emery Report was the negotiation on Okinawan reversion between Japan and the U.S., which led to a protracted dispute over the Diaoyutai / Senkaku Islands. Starting from 1970, the ROC government competed with Japan and South Korea in the East China Sea over the seabed resources, and Taiwan was able to secure at least five oil exploration contracts with different American oil corporations. However, the Okinawa Reversion Agreement in 1971 and the U.S. normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China, both under the Nixon Administration, had a negative impact on ROC's cooperative projects with American oil corporations in the East China Sea. The U.S. State Department threatened to deny security assistance to those American oil corporations involved in oil exploration activities in the East China Sea, advising them to exercise the right of moratorium of oil contracts with ROC and depriving them of the use of sophisticated devices in oil exploration in waters to the north of Taiwan. The expulsion of the ROC from the United Nations dealt Chiang Kai-shek's government another major blow in securing its sovereignty over Diaoyutai through oil exploration in the East China Sea.

並列關鍵字

oil exploration ； East China Sea ； Diaoyutai ； Chiang Kai-shek ； territorial dispute

參考文獻

張啟雄(1993)。釣魚臺列嶼的主權歸屬問題─日本領有主張的國際法驗證。近代史研究所集刊。22下冊

王正華(2010)。蔣介石與1971年聯合國中國代表權問題。國史館館刊。26

呂建良(2012)。東海油氣爭端的回顧與展望。問題與研究。51(2)

《外交部檔案》（臺北，中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館藏）〈總統府宣外小組資料〉。

《外交部檔案》（臺北，中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館藏）〈中美外交關係〉。