台灣建築生命週期二氧化碳排放減量初步之研究

建築活動在建築生命週期各階段（從建材生產、運輸、規劃設計、施工、使用至拆除等），使用大量能源與資源，而二氧化碳的排放量與能源的消耗量有極高關聯。從85年經濟部能源委員會的能源消耗統計資料發現：住宅部門佔12.1%，商業部門佔4.9%，合計住宅商業部門佔全國能源總消耗量17%，其他尚有建築材料生產及運輸部分被歸併在工業及運輸部門，若合併統計則建築相關產業的能源消耗量，及二氧化碳排放量相當可觀（初步估計約佔33%）。要減緩住宅與商業部門的耗能量及二氧化碳排放量，可朝兩方面改善，其一為「源頭管制」，以設計管制為主；其二為「末端改善」，即以舊有建築物之省能建築設備更新，及省能家電器具效率更新為主。建築物的使用壽命遠比其他工業產品長，以鋼筋混凝上（RC）辦公建築物40年壽命計算，在建築物生命週期各階段的耗能分析發現，日常使用階段佔70.59%為最高，其次為建材生產運輸22.34%，更新修繕8.20%，營運施工0.34%，拆除廢棄0.37%。本研究依上述分析，規劃住商／建築產業節約能源與二氧化碳排放減量的課題，並研擬未來工作方向及重點。

關鍵字

建築生命週期；二氧化碳排放減量；節約能源

並列摘要

Construction activities consume large amounts of energy and resources at each stage of a building's life cycle, including production and transportation of construction materials, planning and design, construction, operation, and destruction, Statistics from the Energy Commission, Ministry of Economic Affairs showed that in 1996. The residential and business sectors contributed to 12.1%and 4.9% of the total national energy consumption respectively, totaling 17%of the national figure. If the energy consumed by the production and transportation of building materials is included, the total energy consumed by construction activities contributes to an estimated 33% of the total national energy consumption. Because the emission of carbon dioxide is closely related to the amount of energy consumed, the construction industry is estimated to be a major contributor of carbon dioxide emission.Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in the residential and business sectors can be reduced using two approaches: source control and end treatment, Source control refers to reducing energy use and CO2 emissions through improvements in building design and construction; whereas end treatment refers to renovation of existing buildings with energy-saving facilities and household appliances.The lifetime of buildings is far longer than other industrial products. We analyzed the energy consumption during different stages of a building's life cycle using a reinforced concrete building with a 40-year lifetime. The results show that the operations stage consumes the most energy at 70.59% of the total consumption. The energy consumption of other stages include: production and transportation of building materials, 22.34%; renovation and maintenance, 8.20%; construction, 0.34%; and destruction, 0.37%. We devise a plan for saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions for the construction industry, and suggest directions for the future.

並列關鍵字

building life cycle ； carbon dioxide emission reduction ； energy saving

參考文獻

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