都市震災臨時避難據點區位與服務圈域關係分析－永康市爲例

A Study of Relationship Analysis between Urban Earthquake's Temporary Shelter Location and Its Service Range-Yung-kang City Case Study

李泳龍(Yung-Lung Lee) ； 周士雄(Shih-Hsiung Chou) ； 戴政安(Cheng-An Tai)

《建築學報》 67期 (2009/03) Pp. 149-168

https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.200903.0149

摘要

都市防災計畫的制定，必須考慮居民避難行爲特性，並結合各地區之地理區位特徵，規劃適當的臨時避難據點以因應災害異常時之居民避難需求。本研究爲能有效反映居民於震災境況條件下之避難意願，透過問卷調查的方式，以類似921大地震發生之經驗情境詢問居民之避難意願，同時以調查樣本點進行避難圈域範圍之人口量推估，作爲臨時避難據點可服務人口規模之基礎，透過推導的限制服務模型說明臨時避難據點之有效避難圈域。研究發現當距離超過400公尺時，由於臨時避難據點的容量固定時，其所能服務的距離也受到一定的限制，當接近臨時避難據點可服務避難人口90%服務容量時，必須同時考量修正目前常用之鄰里避難圈域服務範圍500~700公尺劃設指標，同時也須進一步檢討新增臨時避難據點後之變動情形，以作爲都市震災臨時避難據點的設置區位與避難圈域劃設之參考，並提高臨時避難據點服務的效率性。

關鍵字

臨時避難據點 ； 避難圈域 ； 避難需求線

並列摘要

Disaster prevention urban planning considers evacuation behavior of residents and geographical characteristics for temporary shelters reflecting requirements of evacuations in times of disaster. This study aims to reflect evacuating intentions of residents assumed in an earthquake scenario by conducting questionnaire. Meanwhile each sample position was also filed in GIS database linked with the contents of questionnaire and further used for illustrating the relationship of the distances between residences and shelters. However the service population of shelter can only be estimated for ranging the service scale in terms of area shelter. The results show service distance limited in 400 meters due to the capacity of shelters. Then we try to model the distance factors with the service populations with a limited service model. Finally an empirical model is used to illustrate the effective service distance of shelter in Yung-kang City. It is obvious that the normal consideration of shelter distance 500~700 meters required further review when shelter capacity reach 90% level. And the results are expected to be applied for the shelter planning in urban area.

並列關鍵字

Temporary Shelter ； Evacuation Range ； Evacuation Demand Line

參考文獻

許明禎、林晏州(2001)。民眾對公園綠地防災機能認知與避難行爲傾向之探討。都市與計劃。28(2)，237-251。

李泳龍、何明錦、戴政安(2008)。震災境況條件下居民避難行爲因素之研究。建築學報。65，27-44。

Atsuyki, O.,Atsuo, S.(1997).Locational Optimization Problem Solved through Voronoi Diagram.European Journal of Operational Research.98,445-456.

Burby, R. J.,Nelson, A. C.,Parker, D.,Handmer, J.(2001).Urban Containment Policy and Exposure to Natural Hazards: Is There a Connection?.Journal of Environmental Planning and Management.44(4),475-490.

Farhan, B.,Murray, A. T.(2006).Distance Decay and Coverage in Facility Location Planning.Ann Reg Sci.10,279-295.