醫療機構之新型冠狀病毒感染症防治措施

Infection Prevention and Control for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hospital Settings

黃于珊(Yu-Shan Huang) ； 王振泰(Jann-Tay Wang) ； 洪儀珍(I-Chen Hung) ； 黃雅惠(Ya-Huei Huang) ； 盛望徽(Wang-Huei Sheng) ； 陳宜君(Yee-Chun Chen) ； 張上淳(Shan-Chwen Chang)

《內科學誌》 31卷4期 (2020/08) Pp. 247-253

https://doi.org/10.6314/JIMT.202008_31(4).04

摘要

新型冠狀病毒疾病（Coronavirus Disease 2019，以下簡稱COVID-19）感染個案數在全球持續攀升，已造成超過千萬人感染。COVID-19是一種可人傳人的感染症，其傳播途徑主要為近距離的呼吸道飛沫及接觸傳染。針對其病毒SARS-CoV-2，目前仍缺乏有效的疫苗，而特定的抗病毒藥物取得不易。因此，預防SARS-CoV-2感染與傳播仍有賴各個層面完善的感染管制策略。醫療人員執行業務時要落實手部衛生等標準防護措施以外，醫療院所應針對COVID-19強化或啟動特殊措施，包括病人篩檢分流機制搭配動線管制、病人隔離及檢疫隔離措施，醫療工作人員適當的個人防護裝備及健康監測、醫療環境的清潔消毒等。此外個人要做好手部衛生、正確配戴口罩或保持社交距離以減少在社區中感染的風險。

關鍵字

嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎、新型冠狀病毒感染症（Coronavirus Disease 2019） ； 感染管制（Infection control） ； 疾病預防（Disease prevention） ； 傳播途徑（Transmission route） ； 環境清潔（Environmental disinfection） ； COVID-19

並列摘要

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is public health emergency of international concern. Since December 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly to 187 countries, leading to more than 10 million cases within 6 months. Currently, the effective antiviral drugs are limited and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine are under developed. Combating such emerging infectious disease, the best and feasible way is to strengthen and implement specific infection prevention and control practice to control at the source, control along the path, control at the person, engineering and environmental controls. For healthcare facilities every visitor should be screened and triaged. Healthcare personnel working in facilities must properly use personal protective equipment and adheres to hand hygiene. Also, the hospital environment should undergo appropriate cleaning and surface disinfection. For the public, mask-wearing or social distancing is recommended if community spread is a concern. These infection prevention and control measures are the cornerstones in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.