應用集群基因演算法於產品家族設計－實例研究

產品的變異設計與衍生設計，形成產品家族以滿足個別市場需求。若缺乏系統性分析，零組件的變異與衍生形成過度設計與資源浪費，所以建構產品平台，並應用模組化技術，可以提高資源的共用與因應客製化的趨勢。本研究試以數學規劃，發展同時處理平台設計與模組化設計的非線性函數，求解平台最佳化、模組設計與每一家族產品的最佳模組數。由於零組件的組合配置特性，導致組合數學求解的困難度提高，故採用集群基因演算法平行搜尋可能解；並針對問題架構，修正交配作業、突變過程與族群的初始化作業，提供貪婪求解與攀登最佳解的能力。另一方面，平台與模組建構涉及零組件的功能上與實體上配置問題，故本文發展系統化的方法，從産品計劃、功能與實體關係分析、設計限制與需求分析、到模組設計與平台建構，應用圖解方法、矩陣形式、並電腦方程式，協助產品設計師進行視覺化與明箱化的分析。最後，本文以滴漏式咖啡機家族的實際案例，探討設計過程與檢驗方法的適用性，並分析集群基因演算法的計算行爲。

關鍵字

產品家族；產品平台設計；模組化設計；集群基因演算法

並列摘要

Product family is a result of derivation design, which is constructed to target various niche market segments. However, component variety may also cause over design and resources waste due to deficient preliminary analysis. Modular design to form product platform is, thus, important to enhance resource allocation and promote mass customization. In this study, a mathematic programming is proposed to simultaneously conduct platform and modular design as well as to optimize the number of modules. As to the issue of combinational components allocation, a heuristic grouping genetic algorithm is proposed, where crossover, mutation, and initial population operations is modified for such specific domain. Further more, a systematic design approach is developed according to product planning, functional relationships analysis, and physical relationships analysis, in which functional flow chart, interaction matrices, and computer programming are adopted to visualize the design process. Finally, a case design of coffee maker family is illustrated exhaustively.

並列關鍵字

product family ； platform product design ； modular design ； grouping genetic algorithm

參考文獻

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