Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. PartⅡ: Applications for Studying Cloud Precipitating Processes and for NASA TRMM

GCE(Goddard Cumulus Ensemble)模式Ⅱ：應用於研究雲降水過程及NASA TRMM計劃

Joanne Simpson ； 陶為國(Wei-Kuo Tao)

《Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences》 4卷1期 (1993/03) Pp. 73-115

並列摘要

The response of cloud systems to their environment is an important link in a chain of processes responsible for monsoons, the Mei-Yu frontal depression, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes and other climate variations (e.g., 30-60 day intra-scasonal oscillations). Numerical models of cloud properties provide essential insights into the interactions of clouds with each other, with their surroundings, and with land and ocean surfaces. Significant advances are currently being made in the modeling of rainfall and rain-related cloud processes (e.g., latent heat release), ranging in scales from the very small up to the simulation of an extensive population of raining cumulus clouds in a tropical-or mid latitude-storm environment. Cloud models can also be used to convert the radiances received by cloud-observing microwave radiometers into rainfall rates. Remote sensing of cloud-top properties by high-flying aircraft bearing microwave and other instruments is now beginning to provide powerful tests of these models, particularly when these observations are augmented by simultaneous ground-based radar measurements.
The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is a multi-dimensional non-hydrostatic dynamic/microphysical cloud model. It has been used to simulate many different mesoscale convective systems that occurred in various geographic locations. In part Ⅰ(Tao and Simpson, 1993), a full description of the GCE model has been presented. In Part Ⅱ(this paper), we provide an overview highlighting GCE model applications to the study of precipitation processes and to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), a joint satellite project between NASA (U.S.A.) and NASDA (Japan).