先進公車系統自動車輛定位與通訊技術之評估研究

An Assessment on Automatic Vehicle Location and Communication Technologies for Advanced Bus Transit Systems

張學孔(Shyue-Koong Chang) ； 劉育儒(Yu-Ru Liu) ； 陳信雄(Hsin-Hsiung Chen)

《運輸計劃季刊》 30卷1期 (2001/03) Pp. 203-236

https://doi.org/10.6402/TPJ.200103.0203

摘要

台灣地區地少人稠，鼓勵使用大眾運輸系統是必須的政策，若能夠利用先進科技，改善大眾運輸服務品質、提高營運效率，將可進一步增加大眾運輸系統之吸引力。本研究之目的則是針對都市公車自動定位與通訊技術進行評估，以決定最佳的技術組合方案。定位與通訊技術發展至今種類繁多，方案之評估首先需考慮不同定位與通訊技術的功能、實施環境、系統成本等，並將應用於先進大眾運輸之定位、通訊技術加以分析比較，依都市智慧公車之需求提出五個替選方案。其次，本研究提出市區公車定位與通訊技術評估架構，首先擬定包括目標、標的、準則的評估層級，並根據可行替選方案建立其評估架構。本研究採層級分析法決定各評估準則之權重，再運用質化與量化多準則評估法建立評估模式。在實例應用中，則以國內之公車系統為分析對象，設定合理的情境進行方案評估分析，另外針對國內已有的公車動態資訊系統示範計畫進行方案之評估與比較，以驗證評估架構的合理性，分析成果顯示本研究建立之定位與通訊技術評估法可以有效協助方案之評選工作。

關鍵字

智慧型運輸系統 ； 先進公共運輸系統 ； 自動車輛定位 ； 通訊技術 ； 層級分析法

並列摘要

Promotion of public transit systems is an important and necessary policy in Taiwan Area. Use of advanced technologies to improve public transit system's service quality and operational efficiency can make the public transit systems more attractive and reliable. Among various technologies used for advanced public transportation systems (APTS), the automatic vehicle location (AVL) and communication technologies are the essential ones. This study aims to develop evaluation framework for selecting alternatives of AVL and communications for urban bus transit systems. The study first identifies specific characteristics, operational environments, and costs of various AVL and communication technologies. Five alternatives of combination of AVL and communication technologies are proposed based on functional requirements for smart urban bus transit. This study then develops an evaluation framework based on AHP concept. Qualitative and quantitative information are collected for multi-criteria framework evaluation that consists of 7 criteria, i.e. capital investment, operation cost, communication capacity, real-time capability, accuracy, route adjustment flexibility, and system expandability. The study also conducts case studies. Several scenarios with various bus fleet sizes and operational scales are assessed. Two deployments of advanced bus transit information system in Taipei and Shin-chu are also evaluated. The results in the case studies verify the applicability of the evaluation framework developed.

並列關鍵字

Intelligent transportation systems ； Advanced public transportation systems ； Automatic vehicle location system ； Communication technologies ； AHP

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