特殊假期鐵路列車排程規劃之分析模式

An Analytical Model of Railroad Train Dispatching under Extraordinary Peak Demand

周永暉(Yung-Hui Chou) ； 張家祝(Chia-Juch Chang) ； 黃承傳(Cherng-Chwan Hwang)

《運輸計劃季刊》 30卷1期 (2001/03) Pp. 63-87

https://doi.org/10.6402/TPJ.200103.0063

摘要

鑑於我國城際運輸型態中，特殊假期之返鄉人潮特性明顯，如何因應連續假期之高需求現象，建立一套派車排程機制，一直是學術與實務探討之重要課題。
鐵路旅客列車排程規劃問題，涉及旅客需求、停站規劃、列車排班等三個不同層次之規劃作業。本研究為有效運用現有的鐵路資源，讓長途旅客在連續假期裡能優先運送，以充分發揮鐵路運輸的整體最大效益，乃應用旅客尖峰需求之偏好選擇模式，按長運程距離與高等級列車優先指派法則，規劃假期各車種最佳列車發車時點排程規劃與最佳停站組合方式等之整合分析模式。在列車載客營收與旅客旅行時間節省效益最大之規劃目標下，再以啟發式方法求解，最後並以民國八十六年清明節連續假期台鐵資料進行實例測試。分析結果顯示長程旅客優先指派之新列車排程，確實能得有效提升旅客旅行時間之節省效益。建議未來在特殊假期時段，台鐵應對旅客運輸市場作有效區隔和取捨，並落實「長途旅客搭乘鐵路列車，短途旅客搭乘公路客運」之構想，以達運輸資源有效分配之目的。

關鍵字

假期尖峰 ； 鐵路排程模式 ； 優先指派 ； 停站方式 ； 啟發式求解法

並列摘要

The intercity railroad transportation in Taiwan constantly suffers from extraordinary high travel demand during long-weekend holidays. Developing a railroad train dispatching plan to fulfill such a special need efficiently and effectively has long been a major challenge for both researchers and train operators.
In the real world operation, when planning railroad train dispatching we must consider three major aspects, including the preference of customers, train stopping, and train scheduling. Based on the concept of transportation demand management, the main idea of this study is to utilize the limited resources of the Taiwan Railway Administration (TRA) more efficiently and effectively by considering the preference of railroad customers, and by giving the priority to long-distance customers and high-class trains during long holidays. Following the idea, an analytical model of railroad train dispatching is proposed. The model can be used to plan a whole day train schedule including the departure time of each train and its stopping stations.
A heuristic algorithm is developed to obtain the best plan of railroad train dispatching based on the objective of maximizing the combination of operation income and the saving of customer's travelling time. An actual database provided by the TRA during a long holiday in 1997 is used to verify the model. The results indicate that the model can satisfactorily and significantly improve the train dispatching plan. It is also found that customer time-saving is the most relevant benefit provided by the model.
This paper finally suggests that, during long holidays, railroad operations should be focused on serving long-distance travellers, whereas buses on short to medium-distance travellers, to achieve an optimal use of transportation resources.

並列關鍵字

Holiday peak ； Railroad train dispatching model ； Priority allocation ； Train stopping pattern ； Heuristic algorithm

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