終端管制區域模擬模式之建立

近來台灣地區航空運輸量大幅成長，加上國內空域狹小、機場林立、管制區域容量不足且航路與各種標準離到場程序間關係又錯綜複雜，因此如何發展適當之工具，進行空域績效評估，以提升空域整體運作效率，為不容忽視之課題。為針對台灣空域所面臨之各項問題研擬因應對策，本研究之目標為發展一套符合國內特性之終端管制區域微觀模擬模式。為建立此模式，本研究首先進行資料蒐集與分析，如路網節點資料、航機隔離時間資料、班表資料、節線運行時間資料，接著建立模式架構及運作邏輯，並將之程式化，此即為ANS (air network simulation)模式，此一模式包含七個模組：航機產生模組、起飛等候模組、跑道管理模組、脫離跑道模組、離到場模組、進場模組、接續班機模組等，在模式驗證方面所使用之指標包括：航機起飛延滯分配、航機降落延滯分配以及起飛等候點等候時間分配等。此外本研究並針對台北終端管制區域管制策略與機場容量進行分析與探討。

關鍵字

空域模擬；終端管制區域；機場容量分析

並列摘要

Domestic air traffic has increased significantly since the open sky policy was announced in 1987. However the airspace of Taipei FIR is limited and thus has some difficulties in accommodating all the operations of these aircraft. Such a situation is especially acute at some terminal control areas (TCAs), such as Taipei TCA. While facing the growing demand and limited supply, it is very important to develop a simulation model to analyze the performance of the airspace system and evaluate the effectiveness of each proposed strategy. This study tried to develop an airspace simulation model while taking into account the characteristics of Taipei TCA. First, this study collected the essential data and established the database, such as the network information, required separations in between various aircraft, flight schedule, and link travel time, etc. And then, this study developed an airspace simulation model, Air Net Simulation (ANS), to analyze the performance of the airspace system and evaluate the effectiveness of each proposed strategy while taking into account the characteristics of Taipei TCA. ANS is a microscopic, stochastic, event-scanning simulation model. It consists of seven modules: Aircraft Generation, Pre-departure, Runway Management, Runway Clearance, Post-departure, and Approach and Connection Flight. It provides the following information: the average and the maximum waiting time of departure queues, the average departure queue length, the maximum departure queue length, the throughput at the holding fix, departure hand off fix, arrival hand off fix, the average queue length, the average waiting time and the total waiting time at various locations, the number of take-off handled per time unit, the number of arrivals handled per time unit and the runway utilization. ANS has been well validated. The validation criteria include departure delay distribution, arrival delay distribution and the time distribution of waiting for departure. In addition, this study applied ANS model to conduct runway capacity analysis for CKS Airport and Sung Shan Airport. Some air traffic control strategies were evaluated by applying ANS model.