從殖民地地方官方刊物看日據下的新竹都市之轉化

A Study on Urban Transformation under Japanese Colonization in Shin-Chu by Analyzing Local Synopsis

黃蘭翔(Lan-Shiang Huang)

《都市與計劃》 22卷1期 (1995/03) Pp. 71-97

摘要

本稿以分析，日本殖民地官僚是如何地改造新竹都市結構，及新竹都市實質環境的發生變化過程為中心課題。分析之資料以明治40年(1907)由新竹廳總務課所編集之『新竹廳志』、大正15年(1926)由新竹街役場所編集之『新竹街要覽』、昭和13年(1938)由新竹州沿革史刊行會所發行，菅野英雄所著的『新竹州沿革史』、昭和5年(1930)及昭和13年由新竹市役所所編集之兩份『新竹市要覽』為主。所得結果是日本人對清朝時代建設的設施是有選擇性地加以改造，如對城牆則逐步予以撤毁之；對廳署雖然起先暫時加以使用，但稍後就完全重新改建；孔子廟則作為台灣人小孩敎育的公學校校址；日本人小孩的敎育小學校則完全新建；書院與龍王祠則用作醫院，後來就地改建。對私家家園則完全加以忽視，僅將北白川宮能親王住宿過得爽吟閣遷建於新竹神社內。日本人對植民地所從事之都市建設設施中，也包含了表現日本帝國主義之設施，例如神社建築、為同化台灣人的敎育設施。也有一些，則因為日本國内已有的近代化都市建築設施，他們同樣的也在台灣加以興建。例如來都市公園、森林公園、公會堂、遊泳池、中等學校、金融機構、水道、商品陳列室等等。這些設施對我們而言，於台灣實施都市近代化之際，可作為很大的參考。

關鍵字

都市史 ； 殖民地都市 ； 殖民地政策 ； 城墻 ； 市區改正 ； 特定地區（分離居住） ； 都市設施

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to research the process of the remodeling the tradional city, Shin-Chu, which was built by Chin-Dynasty, during colonization period.
Before Japanese clonial govemment officials reformed Shin-Chu, which owned a few characters, for instance, for tificated with city wall, a govem ment building with Chinese style, a Confucian temple, a private institute for the study of Chinnese classics etc.
In colonization period, as a result of waiting in constructing absolutely new insstitutes, Japanese appropriated the old facilites, which were left behind Chin-Dynasty, for colonial facilities. A few years later, they removed old buildings and built up new buildings. In spite of building a new primary school for Japanese children's education, but left the Confucian temple for Taiwanese children's education consciously.
On the other side, Japanese provided modernistic focilities, whcih did not exist during Chin-Dynasty, but they are necessary for modern city in Shin-Chu. Such as a city park, a forest park, a public hall, a civil swimming poll, a secondary school, a banking organ, water service, a commercial museum etc.
Therefore, we need not form a hasty conclusion that all things of Japanese colonization of Taiwan were bad influence for modernization of Taiwan's city. How to evaluate Japanese colonization in Taiwan is a topic further discussion.

並列關鍵字

Urban History ； Colonial City ； Colonial Policy ； Fortification ； Street Improvement ； Habitat Isolation ； Urban Facilities